Category:Manufacturing

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Introduction

This new section is dedicated to Open Manufacturing developments, making it easier to identify interests in creating physical objects. This is a smaller subset of our much broader section on Open and Shared Design Communities.

However, this section also includes developments about 'production' and 'making' in general, including topics like the DIY revolution, the digitalization of crafts, and agricultural production.


Contacts

Bryan Bishop Kirsty Boyle Charles Collis Nathan Cravens Paul Fernhout Vinay Gupta
kanzure AT gmail DOT com kirsty AT openmaterials DOT org charles dot collis at gmail dot com knuggy AT gmail DOT com pdfernhout AT kurtz-fernhout DOT com hexayurt AT gmail DOT com
Eric Hunting Marcin Jakubowski Smári McCarthy Massimo Menichinelli Catarina Mota Chris Watkins
erichunting AT gmail DOT com joseph dot dolittle at gmail dot com spm2 AT hi DOT is info AT openp2pdesign DOT org catarina AT openmaterials DOT org chriswaterguy AT appropedia.org


Community

  • Fab Wiki [1] is dedicated to maintaining informtion on Digital Fabrication
  • Hackerspaces "Hackerspaces are community-operated physical places, where people can meet and work on their projects."
  • Factor E Farm "Open Source Ecology is a movement dedicated to the collaborative development of tools for replicable, open source, modern off-grid "resilient communities." By using permaculture and digital fabrication together to provide for basic needs and open source methodology to allow low cost replication of the entire operation, we hope to empower anyone who desires to move beyond the struggle for survival and "evolve to freedom."

and:

Citations

"The emergence of commons-based techniques — particularly, of an open innovation platform that can incorporate farmers and local agronomists from around the world into the development and feedback process through networked collaboration platforms—promises the most likely avenue to achieve research oriented toward increased food security in the developing world. It promises a mechanism of development that will not increase the relative weight and control of a small number of commercial firms that specialize in agricultural production. It will instead release the products of innovation into a self-binding commons—one that is institutionally designed to defend itself against appropriation. It promises an iterative collaboration platform that would be able to collect environmental and local feedback in the way that a free software development project collects bug reports—through a continuous process of networked conversation among the user-innovators themselves."

- Yochai Benkler ([2], p. 22)


"The guaranteed income will, in fact, lead to the revival of "private enterprise." Once the guaranteed income is available, we can anticipate the organization of what I have called "consentives": productive groups formed by individuals who will come together on a voluntary basis simply because they wish to do so. The goods produced by these consentives will not compete with mass-produced goods available from cybernated firms. The consentive will normally produce the "custom-designed" goods that have been vanishing within the present economy. The consentive would sell in competition with firms paying wages, but its prices would normally be lower because it would need to cover only the cost of materials and other required supplies. Wages and salaries would not need to be met out of income, as the consentive members would be receiving a guaranteed income. The consentive would be market-oriented but not market-supported."

- Robert Theobald, The Guaranteed Income, 1966

Introductory Resources

The business cycle for the material economy [3]:

  1. Incubation: Where do the basic "raw materials" come from?
  2. Production: How are goods and services produced?
  3. Exchange: How do goods and services move from production to use?
  4. Distribution: How is the consumption and use of goods and services organized?
  5. Allocation: How is surplus generated in the economic cycle used? How does surplus re-enter and reinvigorate the cycle?


Discussion

  1. Open Manufacturing Mailing List: Linking Bits to Atoms for Community
  2. Rapid Prototyping mailing list
  3. Rapid Manufacturing Ning community: "Community for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies"
  4. Global Swadeshi

Overview

  1. Advanced Civilisation is a site founded by Charles Collis to introduce current and developing states of Open and Distributed Manufacturing. Note in particular the overview on turning virtual designs into physical objects at [4]
  2. Essay: The Homebrew Industrial Revolution. Kevin Carson. C4SS, 2009 [5]: overview of contemporary trends in distributed manufacturing
  3. Nathan Cravens: The Holistic Problem of Manufacturing

Tools of The Trade

  1. A working directory of hardware tools are available here.
  2. 100k Garages is a network of Digital Fabrication shops, where your design can be fabricated [6]
  3. Product Hacking: directory of Open Source Hardware projects
  4. 3D Filter: 3D Model Search Engine: trawl sites such as Cadyou, Google 3D warehouse, The 3D Studio and seven others for 3D models in a variety of formats as well as textures


Shared Design Shops

  1. n-e-r-v-o-u-s.com: an open source web site under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license: in which generative design methods are used to create new forms of products with the use of rapid prototyping methods. It allows members to login, download, upload and create designs.
  2. open furniture: OF is an open source platform that exhanges and sells designs. The concept of this effort is to create a company that can be profitable while, at the same time, can keep its interest in the idea of sharing and exchanging. The platform is open to anyone interested in design and it functions based on a point system that facilitates users to download and fabricate products.
  3. SourceShop - an Open Source Platform: SourceShop is a shop of digitally fabricated designer products that can be purchased by anybody. This exchange intends to go beyond its commercial aspect by expanding knowledge towards the world of digital fabrication. The main goal of SourceShop is to share knowledge between students, participants and all interested people of digital fabrication.

Readings

  1. Kevin Carson: Expanding Peer Production to the Physical World
  2. The economics of open hardware (Liquid Antipasto blog)
  3. On the Open Design of Tangible Goods. By Christina Raasch, Cornelius Herstatt and Kerstin Balka. R&D Management. Volume 39 Issue 4, Pages 382 - 393 Preprint version: detailed comparative case studies of 6 projects.


Also:

  1. Immerse yourself in a variety of informative texts here.
  2. Personal Fabrication for Dummies: 10 different techniques explained and shown in video illustrations
  3. Kevin Carson: Emilia-Romagna as an example of sustainable manufacturing
  4. Neil Gershenfeld on the need for a new digital maker literacy
  5. Paul Fernhout: The Differences between Open Agriculture and Open Manufacturing
  6. David A. Mellis: How Open Source Hardware differs from Open Source Software?

An important note on terminology: leading experts such as Frank Piller and Terry Wohlers prefer to use 3D Printing for a general public, and Additive Fabrication in technical contexts, instead of Rapid Prototyping or Rapid Manufacturing [7]

Political Issues

  1. Kevin Carson: Criminalizing the Informal Economy through Cost Plus Regulations

Videos


FAQ

An FAQ across a wide open manufacturing spectrum.

Additional Resources

  1. Twitter feeds on mass customization and personal fabrication


Articles

  1. Horizontal Innovation Networks By and For Users. Eric von Hippel. Industrial and Corporate Change 2007 [8]: "In this article, we discuss three conditions under which user innovation networks can function entirely independently of manufacturers. We then explore related empirical evidence, and conclude that conditions favorable to horizontal user innovation networks are often present in the economy."


Series

Introductory series by Tom Powell:

  • Part 1: Figuring out crowdsourcing: What does it mean? What’s working? What isn’t?
  • Part 2: Crowdfunding, Investing and Donation 2.0
  • Part 3: Digital Suggestion Box: how big corporations are asking for help
  • Part 4: The Competition Model
  • Part 5: The evolution of mass customization and personal manufacturing
  • Part 6: Expert sourcing for problem solving and innovation
  • Part 7: Many hands make light work: The atomization of work
  • Part 8: Collaborative Content Creation; or, Crowdsourcing your way to creativity

Blogs

A comprehensive list of Fabrication Media is kept by the Fab Wiki [9]

A selection:

  1. openMaterials
  2. Fabbaloo: tracks developments in Fabbing, 3D Printing and Desktop Manufacturing. We believe in a future where everyone can easily make any 3D objects by using inexpensive desktop equipment, much like we use inkjet printers today for two-dimensional paper objects.
  3. Replicator: "This blog is about the companies and products that combine the connectivity of the internet with the physicality of products."
  4. Ponoko: blog from 3D printing company
  5. Thingiverse

Related

  1. Robotics Blog
  2. Mass customization blog

Books

General

  • Fab. Neil Gershenfeld.
  • Roadmap for Additive Fabrication.Identifying the Future of Freeform Processing: An impressive work weighing in at over 100 pages it covers the industry as it exists and identifies potential market and research opportunities for the next 5-10 years. [10]
  • Digital Fabrications: Architectural and Material Techniques: "If i had to recommend you one book about the use of digital tools in architecture, it would be this one." - Regine Debatty [11]


Technical

Conferences and Events

  1. The Grounding Open Source Hardware (GOSH!) Summit at The Banff Centre serves to bring together the many and disparate makers, producers, theorizers, and promoters of physical objects that come to life under open and distributed models. This Banff New Media Institute (BNMI) summit will highlight and facilitate the emerging dialogue on both artist-driven and socially conscious open source hardware projects.


Podcasts

Adrian Bowyer on the RepRap Project; Andrew Bowyer on the RepRap Project and Self-replicating Machines ; Alex Lindsay on Digital Craftsmen for Development ; Anil Gupta on Appropriate Technology for Agroinnovations; Brenda Dayne on Knitting as an Open Craft ; Carl Etnier on Neighbor to Neighbor Skill Sharing ; David Lee and Valerie Wilson on the the Open Source Green Vehicle Project ; Elizabeth Henderson on Sharing the Harvest through Community-Supported Agriculture ; Janne Kyttanen on Rapid Manufacturing ; Johan Soderbergh on Ronja as Anonymous Communication through Free-Air-Optics ; Lonny Grafman and Curt Beckmann of Appropedia on Open Source Appropriate Technology ; Marcin Jakubowski on Open Farm Tech ; Marcin Jakubowski on Transition Towns and Open Source Villages ; Massimo Banzi on Arduino ; Patricia Allen and Ronald Wright on Permaculture as Sustainable Agriculture ; Phil Torrone and Limor Fried on the Maker Movement ; Sean Moss-Pultz on Open Moko ; Vinay Gupta and Andrew Lamb on the Appropedia Approach ; Vinay Gupta on Ending Poverty With Open Hardware

Mapping the Emergence of Distributed Infrastructures

Essential Goods and Services Made of Atoms:

  • [building products P2P-Architecture]?


Sam Rose and Paul Hartzog offer a typology of different Infrastructure Commons:

  1. Energy Commons
  2. Food Commons
  3. Thing Commons
  4. Cultural Commons
  5. Access Commons

Pages in category "Manufacturing"

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