Category:Commons Infrastructure: Difference between revisions

In this category, we will attempt to categorize commons infrastructures following the NORA Commons Resource Model (Needs, Organisational Forms, Resources for Abundance), suggested by Wolfgang Hoeschele and the Commons Abundance Network.

See:

1. Commons-Based Needs
2. Commons-Based Organizational Forms
3. Commons-Based Resources

We are initially focusing on material needs.

See also the category Commons Abundance Network where Wolfgang Hoeschele is developing the NORA approach specifically. The Commons Abundance Network website is now being developed and will soon be the home of the NORA project.

Categorising Needs

See: Commons-Based Needs

Please note that Carl Mallman's earlier work inspired Max-Neef and that Roberto Verzola expanded on this work by clarifying the concepts of scarcity and abundance:

• Well-Being System of Carlos Mallman and the Bariloche Foundation

• Roberto Verzola on the Commons-Oriented Economics of Abundance

We also recommend checking our own: Introduction to Commons Economics

The Max-Neef Model of Human-Scale Development

Categorising Commons

• For various typologies see
  • Introduction to the P2P Foundation Wiki Material about the Commons#Typology
  • Introduction to the P2P Foundation Wiki Material about the Commons#Visualization

Key Resources

• Graphic: Choosing the Right Form of Common Property
• Infra-Demos: "infra-demos is an anthropological project studying the crisis in the existing infrastructural models and the emergence of new participatory ones in Greece.

Articles

• Brett Frischmann, "An Economic Theory of Infrastructure and Commons Management, (89 Minnesota Law Review 4, April 2005)

URL = http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=588424;

Brett Frischmann, a professor at Loyola University Chicago School of Law has published an essay that is “a rigorous, clear-headed explanation of the economic and social benefits of commons-based infrastructures":

“The basic problem with relying on markets to allocate access to common assets, Frischmann explains, is that the market mechanism exhibits a bias for outputs that generate observable and appropriable returns at the expense of outputs that generate positive externalities"

1. (Commentary from On the Commons blog, at http://onthecommons.org/node/613;
2. a bio on the author at http://www.luc.edu/law/faculty/frischmann.shtml)

• Berlant, Lauren. 2016. ‘The Commons: Infrastructures for Troubling Times*’. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 34 (3): 393–419. doi:10.1177/0263775816645989.

• Jarvis, Helen. 2017. ‘Sharing, Togetherness and Intentional Degrowth’. Progress in Human Geography, December, 0309132517746519. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132517746519.

Directory of Commons Infrastructures by Type of Need

Air

• Related Commons Concept:

1. Atmosphere Commons ; Atmospheric Commons

• Governance formats:

1. Sky Charter ; Sky Trust

Education

• Specialized Wiki Category: http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Education
• Related Commons Concept:

1. Academia as a Commons ; Academic Commons
2. Commons and Education ; Commons-Based Peer Production and Education
3. Educational Commons
4. Science Commons
5. Learning Commons ~ Libraries

• Practices

1. Guide for Participating in the International Open Education Commons
2. OER Commons- Open Educational Resource Commons
3. Open Knowledge Commons
4. School of Commoning
5. School of the Commons - Catalonia

Energy

• Specialized Wiki Category: http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Energy

• Introduction:

1. Commons-Based Renewable Energy in the Age of Climate Collapse. By David Hammerstein.
2. Energy Commons as the Missing Link Between Energy Transition and Climate Justice

• Related Commons Concept:

1. Commons-Based Cases in Alternative Energy
2. Energy Commons ; Energy from the Perspective of the Commons‎
3. Info-Energy Commons
4. Petroleum Commons
5. Solar Commons
6. Renewable Energy Commons

• Practices:

1. Community Energy in Germany
2. Community Energy in the UK
3. Energy Farms

• Property formats:

1. Community Renewable Energy
2. Community Heat Partnerships
3. Community Wind ; Community-Owned Wind Power Projects
4. Energy Cooperative

Environment

• Specialized Wiki Category: http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Ecology

• Related Commons Concept:

1. Earthsharing ; Commonwealth of Nature ; Ecosystem Commons
2. Eco-Digital Commons
3. Eco-Patent Commons
4. Environmental Commons
5. Flower Commons
6. Marine Commons ; Commons at Sea
7. Nature as a Commons ; Nature as Commons versus Commodities
8. Transboundary Commons

• Property formats:

1. Bioregional Trusts

Food and Agriculture

• Specialized Wiki Category: http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Agrifood

• Related Commons Concept:

1. Community Garden Commons ; Urban Gardens as Commons
2. Food Commons ; Food as Common and Community
3. Fish as Commons
4. Hunting Commons
5. Land as Commons
6. Marine Commons
7. Commons-Based Agricultural Innovation
8. Seed Commons ; Seeds as Public Domain versus Private Commodity

• Practices:

1. Community-Driven Sustainable Fisheries
2. Fish Trap Commons - Thailand
3. Maine Lobster Commons
4. Stephen Lansing on Bali's Water Temple Cooperation System - Rice Farming

• Property formats:

1. Catch Share Fishing
2. Community Supported Bakeries ; Community Supported Breweries
3. Farm and Food Renting
4. Food Subscription
5. Garden Trust
6. General Public License for Plant Germplasm
7. Sustainable Fisheries Trusts

• Movements

1. Peer-to-Peer Garden Sharing
2. Seeds of Freedom
3. Seed Commons
4. Interview with Niaz Dorry on NAMA the North Atlantic Marine Alliance and the Ocean Commons

Health and Well-Being

• Specialized Wiki Category: http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Health

• Related Commons Concept:

1. Aesthetic Commons
2. Genome Commons ; Genomic Data Commons
3. Health as a Commons
4. Managing the Health Commons
5. Medical Commons ; Medical and Health Commons
6. Microbial Commons
7. Neuro Commons
8. Psychological Commons ; PsyCommons
9. Sound Commons

Housing / Shelter

• Reading List on Commoning Housing

• Related Commons Concept:

1. Household as Commons
2. Neighborhood Commons
3. Urban Commons ; Commons-based Urbanism

• Property formats:

1. Equity-Linked Affinity Network
2. Equity Sharing

Industry and Manufacturing

• Specialized Wiki Category: http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Manufacturing

• Related Commons Concept:

1. Industrial Commons

Labor/Work

• Specialized Wiki Category: http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Labor

• Related Commons Concept:

1. Employment as a Common Pool Resource
2. Labor Commons

Land

• Specialized Wiki Category: http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Agrifood

• Related Commons Concept:

1. Common Land
2. Community Garden Commons
3. Forest Commons
4. Land Commons ; Land as Commons ; Land as a Commons and Water as a Commons
5. Marine Commons
6. Pasture Commons
7. Public Space as a Commons
8. Topsoil as Commons
9. Urban Gardens as Commons ; Urban Public Spaces as Commons ; Urban Waterbodies as Commons
10. Rights of Common
11. Tragedy of Public Lands

• Property Formats:

1. Common Land ; Common Land - UK
2. Community Forests
3. Community Land Partnership; Community Land Trust ; Community Land Trusts
4. Community Land Partnership for Rural Housing in Scotland ; Community Land Trusts (UK)
5. Ecological Land Cooperative
6. Land as Community Property ; Land Share Systems ; Land Sharing

• Practices:

1. Hima

Money, Finance, and Banking

• Property formats:

1. Capital Commons Trusts
2. Capital Homestead ; Capital Partnership
3. Co-operative Land Bank ; Cooperative Banks
4. Credit Union
5. Money Commons
6. Thomas Greco on the Credit Commons

• Movements

1. Transforming Finance Group's Call Recognizes Finance as a Global Commons

Technology, Media and Communication

• Specialized Wiki Category: http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:P2P_Infrastructure ; http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Licenses

• Related Commons Concept:

1. Communication Commons ; Media Commons
2. Commonwealth of Networks
3. Commons-Based Media Production
4. FLOSS as Commons ; FLOSS Commons
5. Infrastructure Commons
6. Internet Commons
7. Patent Commons ; Patent Tools Commons
8. Sensor Commons
9. Wireless Commons
10. Study of Open-Source Software Commons

• Property formats:

1. Airwaves Trust
2. Citizen Owned Internet
3. Citizen-Owned WiFi Meshwork
4. Community Broadband Networks
5. Community Source Software
6. Copyleft
7. Customer-Controlled Networks
8. Data Ownership
9. Equitable Open Source
10. Fan Ownership

Transportation

• Specialized Wiki Category: http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Transportation

• Related Commons Concept:

1. Transportation Commons

• Practices:

1. Car_Sharing

• Property formats:

1. City Street Trust

Water

• Specialized Wiki Category: http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Agrifood

• Related Commons Concept:

1. Marine Commons
2. Water Commons ; Water as a Commons ; Water Commons Principles

• Practices:

1. Peer Water Exchange ; Peer-to-Peer Water Networks
2. Reclaiming Public Water
3. Urban Waterbodies as Commons
4. Integrated Water Resources Management 2.0
5. Water Commons Case Studies

• Governance formats:

1. Detroit People's Water Board
2. Great Lakes Social Charter

• Movements:

1. World Wide Water Commons
2. Global Water Justice Movement
3. Great Lakes Commons
4. Flow - Documentary on the Water Commons and its enclosures: Can Anyone Really Own Water?
5. Organisation: Our Water Commons
6. Movement Against Water Privatization in Naples
7. Ogallala Commons
8. Right to Water
9. Water Commons, Water Citizenship and Water Security