A new section specifically dedicated to Open Science developments, inspired by the Open Science Wikisprint organized gy Hack Your PhD.

Status: two first columns of Science Category have been ported.

Citations

On open scholarly publishing as a superior model

Studies by Ted Bergstrom show that in economics the scholarly societies are publishing the highest quality journals for a fifth of the cost (on a per-page basis) of the corporate publishers who currently hold a majority of the titles in this field.

- John Willinsky [1]

On the benefits of open sharing in science

"The most rapid advances in science come with open sharing of information, and collaboration. That is how the world's scientists accomplished the mapping of the human genome in a matter of years. If traditional publishing practices had been followed instead of open sharing, it seems likely that mapping the human genome would have taken decades, if not centuries."

- Heather Morrison [2]

"Just as the Enlightenment ushered in a new organizational model of knowledge creation, the same technological and demographic forces that are turning the Web into a massive collaborative work space are helping to transform the realm of science into an increasingly open and collaborative endeavor. Yes, the Web was, in fact, invented as a way for scientists to share information. But advances in storage, bandwidth, software, and computing power are pushing collaboration to the next level. Call it Science 2.0."

- Business Week [3]

Science needs a Commons

"One of the reasons I believe so deeply in the commons approach (by which i mean: contractually constructed regimes that tilt the field towards sharing and reuse, technological enablements that make public knowledge easy to find and use, and default policy rules that create incentives to share and reuse) is that I think it is one of the only non-miraculous ways to defeat complexity. If we can get more people working on individual issues – which are each alone not so complex – and the outputs of research snap together, and smart people can work on the compiled output as well – then it stands to reason that the odds of meaningful discoveries increase in spite of overall systemic complexity."

- John Willbanks [4] (see also [5])

Key Resources

• A Toolkit for the Open Scientist

Key Articles

On Open and Free Science:

1. Overview: Open Science

Policy:

1. Policy Implications for the Evolving Phenomenon of User-Led Scientific Innovation. Victoria Stodden [6]

Other articles:

1. John Wilbanks: Applying Open Source Principles to Science: how does it match?, open source is the wrong metaphor fo science, because it ties us too closely to the artifact that is open source software. Science is not software, and we shouldn't treat it the way we treat software.
2. Back to Basics: How Technology and the Open Source Movement Can Save Science. David Koepsell
3. Michael Nielsen: Toward a more open scientific culture. How can the internet benefit science?
4. A three part introduction to open science practices: 1) Open access for scholarly publishing; 2)Defining Open Science; 3) Current applications of Science 2.0.
5. What is Free Science?. Christopher Kelty.
6. Principles of Distributed Innovation. Karim Lakhani & Jill Panetta.
7. Manuel De Landa: How Synthetic Reason is overturning established paradigms
8. A Personal View of Open Science: Part one discusses Open Access to publications; the availability of Open Data and the transparency of Open Process. Part two discusses the tools for open science.
9. Aaron Hirsh: Distributed citizen science as an alternative to centralized Big Science. (New York Times)
10. The republic of science by Michael Polanyi: classical normative account of open science
11. Open Source Patent Licensing. By Boetinger, S. and D. Burk, 2004 [7]

Report:

1. Open Science at Web-scale JISC. Research 3.0

On the history of open science:

• From Keeping Nature’s Secrets to the Institutionalization of Open Science. Paul David.

On Open and Participatory Science

1. Reproducible Science Needs Open Source Software: Editorial from Nature magazine, By Kyle Niemeyer
2. Towards a New Participatory Citizen Science Contract for Science Data Mining and Biobanking. By Krishanu Saha.
3. Open science ("short introduction to open science, and an explanation of why I believe it’s so important for our society. The talk is intended for a general audience") by Michael Nielsen, 7 April 2011
4. Wikis in scholarly publishing by Daniel Mietchen, Gregor Hagedorn, Konrad U. Förstner, M Fabiana Kubke, Claudia Koltzenburg, Mark Hahnel and Lyubomir Penev. The article itself was written on a wiki page that remains editable, article also available in other formats here (in .doc and .pdf) and here (upcoming), 21 March 2011
5. Thinking about peer review of online material: The Peer Reviewed Journal of Open Science Online by Cameron Neylon, 21 September 2008
6. Envisioning the scientific community as One Big Lab by Shirley Wu, 14 April 2008
7. The Future of Science by Michael Nielsen, 17 July 2008
8. Open Notebook Science Using Blogs and Wikis by Jean-Claude Bradley, 12 June 2007
9. The Future of Science is Open, a three parter by Bill Hooker: Part 1: Open Access, 30 October 2006; Part 2: Open Science, 27 November 2006; Part 3: An Open Science World, 22 January 2007

Read also (needs updating):

1. Can Open Source Licences be used in Science?
2. Mitchell Waldrop: Science 2.0 -- Is Open Access Science the Future?. Scientific American, April 21, 2008.
3. The Value of Openness in Scientific Problem Solving. By Karim R. Lakhani et al.
4. A Primer on Open Access, Peer Review and the Scientific Publishing Business Steven Harnad.
5. Why we need Open Source Clinical Trials Databases
6. Should we replace Peer Review with a ex-post bottom-up peer comments system? By Grazia Ietto-Gillies.
7. Thinh Nguyen: Freedom to Research: Keeping Scientific Data Open, Accessible, and Interoperable
8. Peter Suber: Open access and the self-correction of knowledge
9. Watch this webcast: François Grey on the Implications of Citizen Cyberscience

Openness in science

fields listed as in ^[1]

1. Open Access, where publications are made available on the web without charge
2. Open Courseware is a movement that invites educators to make their course-material directly available on the web
3. Open Source Hardware and Open Source Software, where plans for apparatus and tools for analysis are made freely and openly available
4. Open Stimuli, where stimulus sets or corpi are made available for use in replications or new experiments
5. Open Workflows, in which researchers can freely share chains of experimentation, analysis, and visualization
6. Open Data, where individual researchers release their datasets, either as the data is collected, upon publication, or after a suitable embargo period
7. Open Model Repositories, where computational models from published papers can be centralized
8. Open Research, where open lab notebooks are used to describe ongoing details of a particular strain of research.

Science as a Commons

1. Ruth Chadwick and Sarah Wilson: Genomic Databases as Global Public Goods?: An analysis about the ambiguity of the concept of public goods applied to genomic databases.
2. Health Commons: Therapy Development in a Networked World John Wilbanks and Marty Tenenbaum [8]
3. Commons-Based Agricultural Innovation. By Yochai Benkler [9] Case discussion: CAMBIA-BIOS.
4. Yochai Benkler: Commons-Based Strategies and the Problems of Patents, 305 Science 1110 (Aug. 20, 2004)[10]

Free software in science

1. Using Free Software in Science
2. Role of Free Software in Scientific Computing

Science Funding

1. Open Source Drug Discovery as a Business Model

Key Books

* Book: The Open Scientist Handbook. By Bruce R. Caron. New Media Research Institute, Santa Barbara, and the Ronin Institute [11]: "designed to give any scientist on the planet the know-how and tools to become an effect open science culture change agent"

Key Community Forums

1. Open Science Mailing List [12]
2. DIY Bio list [13]

Key Open Science entries

1. http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Bioinformatics_Foundation
2. http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Biology
3. http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Genomics
4. http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Health
5. http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Licenses
6. http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Notebook_Science
7. http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Science
8. http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Science_Licenses
9. http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Scientific_Books
10. http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Scientific_Papers
11. http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Source_Biology
12. http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Source_Biomodels
13. http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Source_Biotechnology
14. http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Source_Drug_Discovery
15. http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Source_Pharma
16. http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Source_Science
17. http://p2pfoundation.net/Openness_in_Science

Key Movements

• Hack Your PhD

Key People

Key Open Science Advocates:

• John Wilbanks
• Steve Koch
• Cameron Neylon
• Michael Nielsen
• Jean-Claude Bradley
• Andrew Lang
• Antony Williams
• Bora Zivkovic [14]
• Michael Eisen

Interviews

1. Annette Holtkamp on Open Repositories for the Physics Community
2. Antony Williams on Open Science, Open Chemistry and ChemSpider
3. Harold Varmus on Open Access and the Public Library of Science
4. John Wilbanks on Sharing the Physical Tools of Science
5. Karim Lakhani on Open Source Science
6. Peter Murray-Rust on Open Data in Science 2.0
7. Richard Jefferson on Biological Open Source
8. Rufus Pollock on the Use of Open Source Principles for Open Science
9. Vitek Tracz on Open Access and BioMed Central

Key Tools

Open Scientific Data Sharing

1. openPSI – making publicly collected data avalilable
2. Swivel – platform for sharing data
3. many eyes – platform for sharing data

Open Scientific Process Sharing

1. OpenWetWare - the open notebook wikis
2. myExperiment – exchanging workflows

Medicine and Healthcare

1. 50 Open Source Projects that are changing Medicine

Key Webcasts

Webcasts

1. François Grey on the Implications of Citizen Cyberscience
2. Peter Murray-Rust on the Open Knowledge Foundation‎
3. Nick Shockey on the Role of Students in Open Access in Universities‎
4. Todd Kuiken on Responsible Science Practices for DIY Biologists‎
5. Michael Nielsen on Epistemology 2.0 and the Future of Online Science‎
6. Rob Carlson on Open Source BioDefense
7. Moving Beyond Gene Patents‎
8. Hugh Reinhoff on Citizen Science in Biology‎
9. Tim Hubbard on Data Sharing and Open Science Ten Years after the Human Genome Project‎

See also:

(the list may also contain audio podcasts)

1. Alma Swan on Open Access e-Books and Open Research ; Alma Swan on the Open Access Movement
2. Annette Holtkamp on Open Repositories for the Physics Community
3. Antony Williams on Open Science, Open Chemistry and ChemSpider
4. Arti Rai on the Role of Law in Open Source Biology
5. Barbara Aronson on Open Access to Biomedical Research in Developing Countries
6. Bill Mortimer on Institutional Repositories for Open Access in Science
7. Brewster Kahle on Universal Access to All Knowledge
8. Chris Kemp about the Nebula Open Source Cloud Computing System for NASA
9. David Lipman on Open Science and Biology
10. David Vitrant and Mark Friedgan on Microfinance and Crowd-Funding for Science