All public logs

Combined display of all available logs of P2P Foundation. You can narrow down the view by selecting a log type, the username (case-sensitive), or the affected page (also case-sensitive).

• 07:18, 25 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Maturana and Varela's the Tree of Knowledge (Created page with " '''* Article: The Roots of Reality: Maturana and Varela's the Tree of Knowledge. By Morris Berman. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, Vol 29, Issue 2, 1989.''' URL = https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0022167889292011 =Description= "The Tree of Knowledge, by Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela, is '''a landmark attempt to integrate biology, cognition, and epistemology into a single science''', reversing the dualism of fact and value, and of observer...")
• 07:12, 25 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Reflections on Peer-to-Peer Law (Created page with " '''* Article: Peer-to-Peer Law: Further Reflections. M. D. Rosnay, 2016''' URL = https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Peer-to-Peer-Law%3A-Further-Reflections-Rosnay/f885cc016e4ef9d7f5b5bda39d195197234f0efc ''"property and liability can be transformed when applied a peer-to-peer, distributed design"'' =Abstract= "In this paper, I infuse political and legal theory with peer-to-peer decentralized design features. This experiment studies how property and liability, tw...")
• 09:01, 24 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Global Cooperation Barometer (Created page with " * The Global Cooperation Barometer. URL = https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_The_Global_Cooperation_Barometer_2024.pdf =Description= "The Global Cooperation Barometer is structured along five dimensions of global connection: trade and capital, innovation and technology, climate and natural capital, health and wellness, and peace and security. These five pillars were chosen because of their impact on global development and their explicit dependence on cooperative effo...")
• 07:40, 24 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Self-Organization (Created page with " =Description= Via the OVN wiki, From Wikipedia - Autopoesis: Though others have often used the term as a synonym for self-organization, Maturana himself stated he would "[n]ever use the notion of self-organization ... Operationally it is impossible. That is, if the organization of a thing changes, the thing changes".[4] Moreover, an autopoietic system is autonomous and operationally closed, in the sense that there are sufficient processes within it to maintain the...")
• 07:28, 24 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs moved page Secological Distributional Conflict to Ecological Distributional Conflict (typo)
• 07:26, 24 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Secological Distributional Conflict (Created page with " =Description= Ajay Singh Chaudhary: "Exhaustion outlines the historical bloc, the mass political subject of this conjuncture. Spread out a map of the world and push pins into every location that is figuratively or literally on fire. Just as these are zones of extraction, exploitation, and expropriation, these are zones of exhaustion. And like wildfires, they proliferate. Connect each pin with a wire and suddenly you see the outline of the world of exhaustion, the ext...")
• 07:11, 24 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Web-Based Communities and P2P Systems (Created page with " '''* Article: Self-organised virtual communities: bridging the gap between web-based communities and P2P systems. By Antoniadis and B. L. Grand. Int. J. Web Based Communities 1 March 2009''' URL = https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Self-organised-virtual-communities%3A-bridging-the-Antoniadis-Grand/ae65eff0ef88723ea0e664f59507931c6300959a =Abstract= "In this paper, we argue for the benefits of enabling the self-organisation of virtual online communities, which to...")
• 07:08, 24 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Self-Organized Virtual Communities (Created page with " See: * Web-Based Communities and P2P Systems Category:Community ")
• 04:49, 23 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Hard Problem of Consciousness (Created page with " =Interview= Max Leyf, interviewed by Tim Nadelle: '''* In your book you refer to “the hard problem of consciousness”. I have 3 questions: a. What is the problem?''' ML: It's possible to establish correlations between physical and physiological states on one hand, and qualitative conscious experiences on the other, but not to explain how one causes the other. The first has sometimes been referred to as “the easy problem” not because it involves no effort on...")
• 04:14, 23 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Patent and Copyright Rely More Consistently on Property Rules than Property Law Itself (Created page with " '''* Article: BJ Ard, More Property Rules than Property? The Right to Exclude in Patent and Copyright, 68 Emory L. J. 685 (2019).''' Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/elj/vol68/iss4/1 =Abstract= "Patent and copyright rely more consistently on property rules than property law itself. While IP law is intended to enhance intellectual production, the property-rule remedies of injunctive relief and punitive damages sometimes conflict with this goal....")
• 09:19, 22 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Qi (Created page with " =Discussion= ==Qi in Chinese Metaphysics== Jan Krikke: "Leibniz gave his binary code a theological significance. He wrote: “All combinations arise from unity and nothing, which is like saying that God made everything from nothing, and that there were only two first principles, God and nothing.” '''The Chinese didn’t develop the concept of a personal god, but their cosmology also assumed that a binary principle was the foundation of all existence.''' This notio...")
• 09:15, 21 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Scale for the Measurement of Distributed Manufacturing (Created page with " '''* Article: Distributed manufacturing. By Ijazul Haq, F. Franceschini. Benchmarking, 17 September 2019''' URL = https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Distributed-manufacturing-Haq-Franceschini/0fd63a0fe1bcce8e4609cc5ab89c8befa4f9a30e "This is first preliminary scale of its kind to evaluate the positioning of companies with respect to their DM capacity." =Abstract= The purpose of this paper is to develop a preliminary conceptual scale for the measurement of distri...")
• 09:01, 21 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Open Source Agriculture Movement (Created page with " =Description= Vasilis Kostakis et al. : "Small-scale farmers rarely find appropriate machinery to support their work. So, several individuals and communities of smallscale farmers from all around the world design and manufacture their agricultural tools (Giotitsas 2019). They share their designs as a digital commons. The open-source agricultural tools can be locally adapted and manufactured by the farmers in physical spaces (makerspaces). Cosmolocal initiatives, such...")
• 08:57, 21 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Ivan Illich's Proposal for a Four-Layered Non-Institutional Educational Network (Created page with " =Discussion= Indra Lal Acharja et al. : "In 1971, Ivan Illich called for shifting away from the traditional concept of schooling. To replace traditional schooling, he proposed creating a large-scale, non-institutional educational infrastructure. This infrastructure would be empowered by the information and communication technologies (the first microprocessor was invented the same year in Silicon Valley). The educational infrastructure he proposed, the ‘learning’...")
• 15:04, 20 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Fourth Spaces (Created page with " =Description= Mieke Renders: "If we want to create a new future in rural areas, there is a huge chance of creating new hybrid forms of creative centres. I am afraid the new word has not been born yet, but the notion of the Fourth Space is coming up: “The fourth place blurs the frontier, within the same space, of the first (home), second (work), and third place making the space, a place in itself. The function of the fourth place is to foster networking, to promote m...")
• 15:03, 20 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Neo-Rural Cultural Collectives in Europe (Created page with " '''* Mieke Renders. The Revolutionary Quiet. Culture Citizenship Thoughts, 2024''' URL = https://culturayciudadania.cultura.gob.es/dam/jcr:c74ef0fb-f8a6-482e-a1c2-d51c671b1490/mieke-renders-eng.pdf ''Neo-ruralization is leading to a 'cultural exodus' in various parts of Europe.'' =Description= ""Around us, many new collectives are taking ownership of abandoned spaces in the rural areas of Europe. This phenomenon does not only happen in certain areas, but we can...")
• 14:21, 20 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Decentralization-Based Typology of Peer Production (Created page with " '''* Article: Towards a (De)centralisation-Based Typology of Peer Production. Mélanie Dulong de Rosnay and Francesca Musiani. tripleC 14(1): 189–207, 2016''' URL = https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d578/983c224717cb29df26d9b197b289b7eef233.pdf =Abstract= "Online peer-production platforms facilitate the coordination of creative work and services. Generally considered as empowering participatory tools and a source of common good, they can also be, however, alienati...")
• 07:34, 19 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Library Socialism (Created page with " =Description= "Usufruct is the key to library socialism - and how it can radically change the nature of a capitalist society into one that works for the people of that society instead of just a few. Unlike the myth of capitalism, which claims to compensate workers for their labor fully, the actual nature of capitalism is that ownership by the capitalist class of tools, the means of production, and sufficient resources to keep workers alive while they create goods and...")
• 07:05, 18 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Incorporation of the Linux Free Software Commons Into Red Hat's Capital Accumulation (Created page with " '''* From the Commons to Capital: Red Hat, Inc. and the Incorporation of Free Software. By . In: Incorporating the Digital Commons: Corporate Involvement in Free and Open Source Software. 2020''' URL = https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/From-the-Commons-to-Capital%3A-Red-Hat%2C-Inc.-and-the/f13e2e6b18d0bf4e148c17bdc3812ad12295a41c ''"Red Hat transformed the commons of free software production into a capitalist enterprise by transforming FLOSS products into comm...")
• 08:00, 17 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Truth, Meaning, and the Evolution of Consciousness (Created page with " '''* Book: The Redemption of Thinking: A Study in Truth, Meaning, and the Evolution of Consciousness, 2020. Max Leyf. Theoria Press, 2020''' URL = https://theoriapress.wordpress.com/the-redemption-of-thinking/ =Description= "Truth and meaning: what is their relation? Shall ever the twain be one? This dissertation attempts to show how the ascendancy of a particular method of inquiry since the seventeenth century has forfeit meaning in the pursuit of truth. At the sam...")
• 07:37, 17 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Commons Infrastructure Guild (Created page with " =Example= (a self-curated group of developers working on the core Ethereum protocol) The Protocol Guild, by Trent: "the Guild was structured to facilitate funding with the lowest bureaucratic overhead possible imposed on members. At its core are two very basic primitives, which are present in all funding allocation mechanisms. * a curation process which produces a list of eligible recipients * a weighting mechanism applied to that list." (https://trent.mirror...")
• 07:31, 17 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Protocol Berg (Created page with " '''= the decentralized protocol and infrastructure conference, organized on September 15, 2023, in Kreuzberg, Berlin; by the Department of Decentralization''' URL = https://protocol.berlin/ =Abstract= "Protocol Berg is a novel summit providing a location specifically for protocol research, decentralized infrastructure, and core-developer experience. The one-day event with two stages, opportunities for technical workshops, and protocol community gatherings brings...")
• 07:25, 17 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Towards a Decentralisation-Based Typology of Peer Production (Created page with " '''* Article: Towards a (De)centralisation-Based Typology of Peer Production. By M. D. Rosnay, F. Musiani. tripleC, March 2016''' URL = https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Towards-a-(De)centralisation-Based-Typology-of-Peer-Rosnay-Musiani/0b4222c6ed3ea3cb4bbe78db6a003461f4cd1bc1 ''"A typology of peer-production platforms, based on the centralization/decentralization levels of several of their design features,"'' =Abstract= "Online peer-production platforms facili...")
• 13:08, 16 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Left vs Right (Created page with " =Discussion= N.S. Lyons: "How should we define “right” and “left”? Each label has come to be associated with a whole cluster of otherwise unrelated political values and beliefs that have then been conflated into chimerical political personalities (despite these conglomerations falling apart as soon as anyone holds both “left” and “right”-coded values at the same time, as many do). But, beneath all the accumulated political detritus, there is one essent...")
• 13:04, 16 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Right-Wing Progressivism (Created page with " =Discussion= N.S. Lyons: "Who/what is a Right-Wing Progressive (RWP)? Start by picturing a Silicon Valley elite who is by now well-and-truly fed up with the Woke left. But the causes for the RWP’s objection to the Woke mind-virus and its regnant regime differ significantly from those of a traditional conservative. The conservative loathes the Woke for their revolutionary assault on the moral, cultural, and social order, on foundational structures of civilization lik...")
• 12:54, 16 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Analectic (Created page with " =Description= Concept from Enrique Dussel, explained by Mark Burton: "A key concept is that of the “analectic”, or “ana-dialectic”, in which Dussel claims to incorporate and transcend the Marxist dialectic which he sees as both negative and operating within the totality of the dominant world system. “Ana”, meaning “beyond” refers to the peoples outside that totality who he sees as (actually or potentially) mounting both a negative critique (of the opp...")
• 07:51, 16 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Debate about the Copyfair Proposals of the P2P Foundation (Created page with " =Discussion= Benjamin J. Birkinbine: "DuLong de Rosnay and Musiani (2016) are not the only scholars wrestling with how to advance decentralised peer production forward to mount a challenge to capitalism. One such debate took place in a series of articles published in tripleC: Communication, Capitalism, and Critique in 2014. '''The debate stemmed from a proposal made by Bauwens and Kostakis (2014).''' Noting the contradictions of commons-based peer production being co-...")
• 06:30, 16 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Jonas Seifert on Retroactive Public Goods Funding (Created page with " Video via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WoVinMbI5DQ&list=PLjOcf_IVqERmz-urgK7czQTIwND3dscwl&index=4 =Description= "What we learned in running 2 rounds of RetroPGF at Optimism, and what's next." Category:Crypto Economy Category:Peerfunding Category:Webcasts ")
• 09:41, 15 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Owen Barfield and the Evolution of Consciousness (Created page with " '''* Article: Owen Barfield & the Evolution of Consciousness. By Max Leyf Treinen. Cosmos & History, Vol. 16 No. 1 (2020): Evolutionary Cosmology and Values''' URL = https://cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/view/837/1472 =Context= Michel Bauwens: I do believe there is such a thing as an external world, but it is only accessible to us through our consciousness, and there is a participatory relation between the world as experienced through phenomena,...")
• 09:04, 15 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Media Practices Commoning (Created page with " '''* Special Issue: Introduction to the Special Issue “Media Practices Commoning”. By Anne Ganzert, Beate Ochsner, Robert Stock. Open Cultural Studies, 1 January 2020''' URL = https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Introduction-to-the-Special-Issue-%E2%80%9CMedia-Practices-Ganzert-Ochsner/1aa2d1ea6f3c0ee5ee85741cb531399eabca1aa7 ''"An international and interdisciplinary group of speakers discussed the concepts of commoning and conviviality from different discipline...")
• 08:56, 15 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Holonic Earth Operating System (Created page with " '''= Integrated, well-thought out proposol for a global coordination system to produce for human needs within the planetary boundaries''' URL = https://docs.theos.io/introduction =Excerpts= Theos: "With the advent of the internet, and with the latest advances in AI, complexity science, and blockchain technologies, we now have the opportunity to create novel protocol-based social coordination systems. Widespread transition to a new paradigm now involves people optin...")
• 08:33, 15 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Bruderhof's Introduction to the Tradition of Christian Socialism (Created page with " Video via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqM4FOWtTTc =Description= "In this video they look back to people who promoted Christianity-infused socialistic ideals such as Herman Kutter and Christoph Friedrich Blumhardt as well as John Ruskin, William Morris, Rosa Luxemburg, Martin Luther King Jr., Dorothy Day, and Peter Maurin." Category:Spirituality Category:Webcasts Category:Movements ")
• 14:07, 14 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Political Economy of AI Capitalism (Created page with " '''* Article: Dismantling AI capitalism: the commons as an alternative to the power concentration of Big Tech Pieter Verdegem. Ai & Society 9 April 2022''' ")
• 07:04, 13 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Boundary Commoning (Created page with " =Description= Benjamin J. Birkinbine: "The coupling of commons circuits of value with capital accumulation circuits, whether willingly or out of necessity, still does not overcome many of the contradictions of the commons. De Angelis’s formulation, then, seems to leave us with a picture of a “long social revolution”, which would proceed primarily through the autonomous development of an emergent alternative value system from within capitalism. Such a value syste...")
• 06:41, 13 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page East-West Synchronicity in the Rise and Fall of Chiefdoms and Empires (Created page with " '''* Article: Christopher Chase-Dunn, E. Susan Manning, and Thomas D. Hall. Rise and Fall: East-West Synchronicity and Indic Exceptionalism Reexamined. Social Science History 24:4 (winter 2000)''' URL = (sci dash hub dot ru/ 10.1017/s0145553200012050) =Findings= * ''"The rise and fall of chiefdoms is analytically similar to the rise and fall of empires and the rise and fall of hegemonic core powers. All of these processes are related to the stability of institution...")
• 06:15, 13 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Trent Van Epps on How Ethereum Governs Its Digital Commons (Created page with " Podcast via https://theblockchainsocialist.com/safeguarding-ethereums-soul-protocol-guild-and-governing-the-digital-commons/ =Description= "In this episode I spoke with Trent Van Epps, who is part of the Ethereum Foundation and a key member of Protocol Guild (PG). PG is a collective of 152 Ethereum core protocol contributors who are curated to receive public good funding from ecosystem sponsors. In turn, this is meant to balance incentives for contributors to work on...")
• 04:42, 13 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Trent van Epps on the Pressures for Commonification vs Commodification in Ethereum (Created page with " Video via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CEwXVUQEQwM&list=PLjOcf_IVqERmz-urgK7czQTIwND3dscwl&index=7 =Description= "This talk, Trent van Epps - Linux & Ethereum: Commoning vs Commodifying, introduces the concept of digital commons, outlines some parallels between the Linux and Ethereum projects, and how their collective output may become enclosed by commercial entities. Trent Van Epps works at the Ethereum Foundation on protocol coordination. Member of the Protoc...")
• 14:12, 12 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Regenerative Economy (Created page with " =Principles= The eight principles of regenerative economy are: (1) in right relationship; (2) views wealth holistically; (3) innovative, adaptive, responsive; (4) empowered participation; (5) honors community and place; (6) edge effect abundance; (7) robust circulatory flow; and (8) seeks balance. See: Capital Institute. “8 Principles of a Regenerative Economy.” https://capitalinstitute.org/8-principles-regenerative-economy/. Category:Regener...")
• 14:06, 12 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Regenerative Finance (Created page with " =Description= Open Probems in DAO's: "Regenerative finance (ReFi) is a relatively new concept that seeks to address some of the inherent flaws in our existing financial system. The fundamental problem of ReFi is to build a more ecologically and socially sustainable alternative to prevailing, extractive economic models, which focus on taking resources for growth without adequately replenishing or sustaining those resources. Traditional finance and investment models are...")
• 13:56, 12 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Error Correction as the Methodology of Cybernetics (Created page with " =Discussion= Adrian Lahoud: "At MIT, on a miniscule military budget, Norbert Weiner led research into the mathematics and circuit boards that would eventually help to automate anti-aircraft fire. The achievement was as conceptual as it was technical, a re-imagining of the method by which a highly maneuverable fighter and its pilot could be fired at, with the projectile anticipating the future position of the target. The design of the mechanism had to reconcile meteoro...")
• 12:27, 12 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Commons Circuits of Value (Created page with "=Description= By Benjamin J. Birkinbine: "By combining systems theory (Luhmann, 1995), cybernetics (Maturana and Varela, 1998) and Marxist-feminist political economy (Marx 1906; Dalla Costa and James, 1975), De Angelis’s task is to demonstrate how the commons can be understood as a system capable of bringing about a social revolution through ongoing iterations of commoning activity that are reproduced over time. Rather than arguing that such a revolution is imminent,...")
• 12:09, 12 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Building Programmable Commons (Created page with " '''* Article: Building programmable commons. By Petros A. Terzis. Law, Innovation and… 3 July 2023 Political Science, Computer Science, Law, Sociology''' URL = https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Building-programmable-commons-Terzis/1c02fc5c0814ed40b75d2558c79240c937c8af38 =Description= "There exists political space for social practices and transformative legal interventions that can give shape to radically different institutional actions for the management of t...")
• 12:06, 12 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Ethereum Software Commons (Created page with " =Context= Trent: "Software commons are an increasingly important part of our daily lives. The people and frameworks involved are able to provision novel goods outside of the state/market dichotomy. Not all software commons will experience the same enclosure dynamics. Those that do can still exist and thrive in spite of it - perhaps it only becomes problematic when the scale of extraction becomes too large relative to the rest of the commons. It remains to be seen wh...")
• 11:05, 12 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Toward a Critical Political Economy of the Digital Commons (Created page with "'''* Article: Commons Praxis: Toward a Critical Political Economy of the Digital Commons. By Benjamin J. Birkinbine. tripleC, March 2018''' URL = https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d702/fe9f40d70186b8468457e3bcd736bd3ad6e0.pdf =Description= "The concept of the commons has provided a useful framework for understanding a wide range of resources and cultural activities associated with the creation of value outside of the traditional market mechanisms under capitalism (i.e...")
• 08:07, 11 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Cosmos, Chaos, and the World to Come (Created page with " '''* Book: Cosmos, Chaos, and the World to Come. By Professor Norman Cohn. Yale University Press, 2001''' URL = [https://www.amazon.com/Cosmos-Chaos-World-Come-2nd/dp/0300090889/ref=pd_sim_d_sccl_3_4/139-2463337-2709437?] =Description= "All over the world people look forward to a perfect future, when the forces of good will be finally victorious over the forces of evil. Once this was a radically new way of imagining the destiny of the world and of mankind. How did i...")
• 12:05, 10 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Society for Open Inquiry in the Behavioral Sciences (Created page with " '''= The Society for Open Inquiry in the Behavioral Sciences (SOIBS)''' URL = https://www.soibs.com/ =Description= "We are scholars and practitioners in the behavioral sciences committed to free inquiry and truth seeking. In healthy scientific fields, ideas are debunked rather than censored, and their proponents are debated rather than punished. Increasingly, orthodoxies, sociopolitical dogmas, and ideological norms have captured the behavioral sciences, skewing r...")
• 09:26, 10 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Capital and the Enclosure of the Ethereum Software Commons (Created page with " '''* Article: Capital and enclosure in software commons: Linux & Ethereum. By Trent. January 9th, 2024''' URL = ''"Entities which extract profits from software commons like Linux and Ethereum have the greatest incentive and capacity to co-opt them.''" =Excerpts= ==The Egregore== via Trent: "It’s interesting to frame the resource and its structure as an entity, or an “egregore.” This is a non-physical being which “exists in virtue of the collective ri...")
• 11:26, 9 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Family Abolitionism (Created page with " = a collection of work and interventions by '''Sophie Lewis''', collected by Karlyn Borysenko URL = https://unwoke.wiki/wiki/sophie-lewis/ Category:Gender Category:Identity Politics ")
• 11:12, 9 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Anacyclosis (Created page with " The cycle of governance forms, according to the Classical Greeks =Description= Polybius: “The initial human condition is characterized as savage, scattered, and insecure. Out of this disorder one man, of particular strength and boldness of character, establishes a hierarchical order, a kingship, with the consent of the governed. The king’s sons lack the virtue and restraint of the founder and degenerate into abusive tyranny, against which the leading citizens re...")
• 11:09, 9 January 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Constitutions (Created page with " =More information= ==Bibliography== Charles Howard McIlwain, Constitutionalism Ancient and Modern Gordon Controlling the State: Constitutionalism from Ancient Athens to Today Category:Politics Category:Governance ")