Open Source Drug Discovery
Open Source Drug Discovery
Concept, practice and movement, but also the name of a specific organisation, see OSDD - India
Description
1. Samir K Brahmachari:
"Most of the drug discoveries are made in a closed door environment, where the highest degree of secrecy is maintained resulting in the lack of open participation of the entire academic world. The Open Source Drug Discovery Programme aims to address the issue by attempting to capture the youngest and brightest minds around the globe to be a part of discovery of therapeutics for infectious diseases.
Also, to apply the knowledge of pharmacogenomics to keep the cost of
patent drugs, especially for chronic diseases requiring long-term
treatment, low. It aims to establish a novel web-enabled open source
platform -- both computational and experimental -- to make drug
discovery cost effective and affordable by utilising the creative
potential of college and university students along with senior
scientists, a collective approach to drug development. The students
and scientists, in turn, would also be rewarded with incentives for
developing novel algorithms, finding drug targets, leading
identification and other novel contributions."
(http://www.business-standard.com/common/storypage_c.php?leftnm=10&autono=313758)
2.
"Open Source Drug Discovery (OSDD) is a CSIR-led global initiative with the vision to provide affordable healthcare to the developing world. Its aim is to discover drugs for tropical infectious diseases which draw limited attention of established pharmaceutical enterprises. OSDD charts a novel course in drug discovery process by bringing in openness and collaborative spirit enabling researchers across the globe to work together to solve key challenges in drug discovery. This collaborative approach will keep the cost of discovery and thereby making drugs affordable. OSDD provides a collaborative platform for scientists, doctors, technocrats, software professionals, students and others with diverse expertise to facilitate the drug discovery process. OSDD portal, Sysborg 2.0 (http//sysborg2.osdd.net) is the platform for such collaboration.
OSDD was conceived by Prof. Samir K. Brahmachari the present Director General of CSIR. The program was officially launched by Shri. Kapil Sibal Hon`ble Ministry of Science and Technology, India on 15th September 2008."
(The Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) is the premier industrial R&D organization of India. CSIR was constituted in 1942 by a resolution of the then Central Legislative Assembly. It is an autonomous body registered under the Registration of Societies Act of 1860.)"
(http://www.osdd.net/about-us/faq-s)
3. From the Wikipedia:
"Open Source Drug Discovery (OSDD) is a Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India (CSIR)-led Team India Consortium with global participation[1][2][3][4][5] offering a collaborative drug discovery platform for neglected tropical diseases like leishmaniasis, which draw limited attention of research-based pharmaceutical enterprises.[1][5][6][7][8] This program has a global community with over 7500 participants from 130 countries comprising researchers, academia, students, industries, educational institutions and so on.[7][9] Anyone who is committed to the discovery of drugs for neglected diseases in an open source mode can participate in the program.[10] OSDD functions by bringing together experts from diverse backgrounds to focus on discovering and developing affordable drugs for tropical infections."
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Drug_Discovery)
Status
From the Wikipedia:
"OSDD is joined by 7,500 registered participants from different parts of the world. There are about 110 research projects being carried out. The collaborative work has identified more than 60 potential drug targets of M. tuberculosis. There are seven targets that are being examined. The first international publication of the consortium was in 2009 on the integrative genomics map of M. tuberculosis.[24] Since then more than a dozen of research are published.[25] OSDD currently operates the OSDD Chemistry outreach programme (OSDDChem). Under this system, students are trained in synthetic chemistry and the compounds synthesized in the universities, institutes and colleges in OSDDChem centres are submitted to the OSDDChem database and sent to CSIR-CDRI. These molecules are then taken up for screening at CSIR-CDRI for anti-TB and anti-malarial activity."
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Drug_Discovery)
Example
The Tropical Disease Initiative:
"The Tropical Disease Initiative seeks cures for these "orphan" illnesses using an open source research and development model. Started by Dr. Andrej Sali, professor of Biopharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Chemistry at UC San Francisco, TDI will combine the efforts of hundreds of volunteer researchers from around the globe, focusing on the application of computational biology and chemistry on drug discovery." (http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/001866.html)
"What would open-source drug discovery look like? As with current software collaborations, we propose a Web site where volunteers use a variety of computer programs, databases, and computing hardware. Individual pages would host tasks like searching for new protein targets, finding chemicals to attack known targets, and posting data from related chemistry and biology experiments. Volunteers could use chat rooms and bulletin boards to announce discoveries and debate future research directions. Over time, the most dedicated and proficient volunteers would become leaders." (http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0010056)
"Ten years ago, TDI would not have been feasible. The difference today is the vastly greater size and variety of chemical, biological, and medical databases; new software; and more powerful computers. Researchers can now identify promising protein targets and small sets of chemicals, including good lead compounds, using computation alone. For example, a SARS protein similar to mRNA cap-1 methyltransferases—a class of proteins with available inhibitors—was recently identified by scanning proteins encoded by the SARS genome against proteins of known structure. This discovery provides an important new target for future experimental validation and iterative lead optimization. More generally, existing projects such as the University of California at San Francisco's Tropical Disease Research Unit (San Francisco, California, United States) show that even relatively modest computing, chemistry, and biology resources can deliver compounds suitable for clinical trials. Increases in computing power and improved computational tools will make these methods even more powerful in the future." (http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0010056)
"Discoveries resulting from this research would not be patented; instead, they would be made available to so-called "virtual pharma" such as the Institute for OneWorld Health and the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative for development and production, and (as possible) to the affected nations themselves for local production. TDI has not yet finalized the details of its intellectual property model; the PLoS article lists some of the options TDI is considering:
- A public-domain license that permits anyone to use the information for any purpose.
- Licenses similar to the Creative Commons Attribution License that permit anyone to use the information for any purpose, provided proper attribution is given.
- Licenses such as the General Public License that prohibit users from seeking intellectual property rights.
- Licenses that permit commercial companies to obtain and exploit patents outside the developing world. These would allow Virtual Pharma to stretch its own R&D funds by letting corporate partners sell patented products to ecotourists, governments, and other consumers living in the industrialized world."
(http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0010056)
More Information
- SysBorg 2.0 is the Web 3.0 system and cyberinfrastructure for collaborative research in Open Source Drug Discovery. The portal contains resources to effectively organise collaborations and tools to effectively mine and analyse the information collated by the OSDD community.
- See also: