Social Network Analysis

Definition

From the Wikipedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Network_Analysis

"A social network is a social structure made of nodes which are generally individuals or organizations. It indicates the ways in which they are connected through various social familiarities ranging from casual acquaintance to close familial bonds. The term was first coined in 1954 by J. A. Barnes (in: Class and Committees in a Norwegian Island Parish, "Human Relations"). The maximum size of social networks tends to be around 150 people and the average size around 124 (Hill and Dunbar, 2002).

Social network analysis ( related to network theory) has emerged as a key technique in modern sociology, anthropology, geography, social psychology, information science and organizational studies, as well as a popular topic of speculation and study. Research in a number of academic fields have demonstrated that social networks operate on many levels, from families up to the level of nations, and play a critical role in determining the way problems are solved, organizations are run, and the degree to which individuals succeed in achieving their goals.

Social networking also refers to a category of Internet applications to help connect friends, business partners, or other individuals together using a variety of tools. These applications, known as online social networks are becoming increasingly popular." (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Network_Analysis)

Bibliography

Copied from a Social Network Analysis Bibliography. By Patti Anklam and Bruce Hoppe, May 2005

Social and personal networks in organisations:

The Hidden Power of Social Networks, Rob Cross and Andrew Parker, Harvard Business School Press, 2004. "In this dense but useful volume, Cross and Parker give readers insight into how unofficial networks form and function. They also share their methodology for rendering these basically unseen networks visible to managers. Rather than using their book as a forum to garner new consulting business-with a 'kids don't try this at home' approach-they encourage readers to pursue network analysis at their own organizations by arming them with step-by-step instructions through two appendixes. The authors present their material in the nitty-gritty style of an evening business course, with lots of charts and examples. They take their mission of arming managers with a substantive strategic tool very seriously. In this way, theirs is unlike many management books that are high on concept and lacking in application-Cross and Parker provide a guide that is directly applicable to improving the functionality of any organization."

The Quantum Theory of Trust, Karen Stephenson, Prentice Hall, 2005. "Companies around the world are beginning to learn that they can profit by analyzing invisible social networks, and understanding their impact…. Stephenson introduces the analysis of networks to identify the personalities and patterns of organisations, and shows how to manage the personal currency that counts in good networks: trust."

The Social Life of Information, John Seeley Brown and Paul Duguid, Harvard Business School Press, 2000. "Their aim is not to pass judgment but to help remedy the tunnel vision that prevents technologists from seeing larger the social context that their ideas must ultimately inhabit."

In Good Company, How Social Capital Makes Organizations Work, Don Cohen and Laurence Prusak, 2001. "The book's novelty and appeal lie in the . . . attention to the power of commonplace conversations. . ." "providing insight into the causality between a company's social atmosphere and its success."

Achieving Success through Social Capital, Tapping the Hidden Resources in Your Personal and Business Networks, Wayne Baker, Jossey Bass Publishers, 2000. "Here, an expert on building connections shows how building social capital produces higher pay, faster promotions, better jobs, breakthrough ideas, new business opportunities, and profitable companies."

Communities of Practice:

Cultivating Communities of Practice, Etienne Wenger, William Snyder,W. & Richard McDermott, R., Harvard Business School Press, 2002. "Laying out a logical, step-by-step process for building one of these communities, the authors define specific roles for each member of the group. But senior managers looking, as the subtitle suggests, for "a guide to managing knowledge" may be disappointed in the scant space actually devoted to developing a system that captures and manages the learning that comes out of a "community of practice.""

Leveraging Communities of Practice for Strategic Advantage, Hubert Saint-Onge and Deborah Wallace, Butterworth Heinemann, 2003. "combines theory and practice to outline a model for developing successful communities of practice and proposes a direction for establishing communities of practice as an integral part of the organizational structure." "Written in thick clotted prose."

Communities of Practice: Lessons from Leading Collaborative Enterprises Simon Lelic, Ark Group, 2004. "benchmark your own strategies and techniques against 16 of the world's leading practitioners."

Networks, business, and knowledge management:

Living Networks, Ross Dawson, Financial Times/ Prentice Hall, 2003. "provides a lucid and visionary framework in which to chart a succesful company or individual course in the Knowledge Economy." "More practical than Allee's book."

The Future of Knowledge: Increasing Prosperity through Value Networks . Verna Allee, Butterworth Heinemann, 2002. "Overall, the book offers a fresh, thought-provoking look at what have become already become well-worn concepts in the knowledge management field. Allee has synthesized a diverse array of ideas and concepts and theories from multiple disciplines to this work."

The Wealth of Knowledge: Intellectual Capital and the Twenty-first Century Organization, Thomas A. Stewart, Currency Doubleday 2001. "While not groundbreaking, his latest book offers a broad survey of business from the intellectual capitalist's perspective, from the basic economics of knowledge and business organization theory and management to selling and accounting for knowledge. Stewart could have fit this subject into a serious business magazine article; in expanding it, he simply adds a relentlessly upbeat mix of grand metaphors and detailed examples."

The Information Ecology, Thomas A. Davenport and Laurence Prusak, Oxford University Press, 1997. "This is for people who are building an IT structure or are looking for a paradigm shift in how they do IT. If your IT environment is not producing results this is a great place to start. It provides the theory to apply to real life situations."

Lost Knowledge: Confronting the Threat of an Aging Workforce, David W. DeLong, Oxford University Press 2004. "The bulk of the book is a detailed look at the effectiveness of knowledge management techniques in a variety of companies rather than a focus on the retirement problem."

The Trusted Leader, Robert Galford, Free Press 2002. "A knitting-together of management theory, real-life anecdotes and snappy tools and self-assessment quizzes, the book tries gamely to be both authoritative and accessible. Its strongest section is a discussion of the "enemies of trusted leadership"-office archetypes ranging from power-hungry control freaks to underperforming slackers-who can undermine what a CEO is trying to achieve."

The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many are Smarter than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies and Nations, James Surowiecki, Little Brown 2004. " "Wise crowds" need (1) diversity of opinion; (2) independence of members from one another; (3) decentralization; and (4) a good method for aggregating opinions…. Surowiecki's style is pleasantly informal, a tactical disguise for what might otherwise be rather dense material. He offers a great introduction to applied behavioral economics and game theory."

Organizational networks research:

Knowledge and Social Capital: Foundation and Applications, Eric L. Lesser (Editor), Butterworth Heinemann, 2000. "Knowledge and Social Capital explains how social capital can drive collaboration, reconcile an organization's internal and external labor markets, and improve organizational effectiveness. This edited compilation of authoritative articles helps readers understand how they can build and capitalize on their own organizations' social capital."

Networks in the Knowledge Economy, Rob Cross, Andrew Parker, Lisa Sasson (Editors), Oxford University Press, 2003 The science of networks:

Six Degrees, The Science of the Connected Age, Duncan J. Watts, W.W. Norton, 2003. "A network of discoveries across an array of disciplines tell the story of an explosive new field of knowledge, the people who are building it, and Watt's own peculiar path in forging this new science."

Nexus, Small Worlds and the Groundbreaking Science of Networks, Mark Buchanan, Norton, 2002. "presents the fundamental principles of the emerging field of 'small worlds' theory--the idea that a hidden pattern is the key to how networks interact and exchange information, whether that network is the information highway or the firing of neurons in the brain."

Linked, The New Science of Networks, Albert-László Barabási, Perseus Publishing 2002. "First book to explore the hot new science of networks and their impact on nature, business, medicine, and everyday life. This book has a simple message: think networks. It is about how networks emerge, what they look like, and how they evolve." Social Network Analysis Texts

Social Network Analysis: A Handbook, John Scott, Sage Publications 2nd Edition 2000. "provides an accessible introduction to the theory and practice of network analysis in the social sciences. It gives a clear and authoritative guide to the general framework of network analysis, explaining the basic concepts, technical measures and reviewing the available computer programs."

Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications, Stanley Wasserman and Kathleen Faust, Cambridge University Press, 1994. " reviews and discusses methods for the analysis of social networks with a focus on applications of these methods to many substantive examples. As the first book to provide a comprehensive coverage of the methodology and applications of the field, this study is both a reference book and a textbook."

Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Ron Burt, Harvard University Press, 1995. "If you're looking to get ahead, you should aim to build a circle of work and personal contacts that is broad and diverse…. A good read, if you're into theory, though a bit of a slog at times. The author appears to bear a bit of a grudge against some fellow academics who disagree with his conclusions."

Managing the Flow of Technology: Technology Transfer and the Dissemination of Information of Technological Information with the R&D Organization, Tom Allen, MIT Press 1997. " summarizes more than a decade of work on communications flow in science and engineering organizations, showing how human and organizational systems could be restructured to bring about improved productivity and better person-to-person contact."