Francis Fukuyama on the Origins of the State
Video via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gc_EZWUHBkg&t=801s
Reviews five theories on the origins of the state form ; "part of his lecture series entitled, "Getting to Denmark: Where the State, Rule of Law and Accountable Government Come From."
One of the comments reads: "Prof. Fukuyama has impressive grasp on Chinese history and sociological understanding on China."
Contents
TIMELINE via [1]
32:58 - Why did many states become 1 ?
33:42 - 1st Chinese State
34:41 - Spring to Autumn 770 B C . . . 671 B C
_______ Spring to Autumn 670 B C . . . 571 B C
_______ Spring to Autumn 570 B C . . . 481 B C
_______ 1,211 wars
35:01 - Warring States Period 468 recorded wars in 242 years (89 peaceful years)
35:20 - Military mobilization on a grand scale of 500,000 soldiers per battles
35:56 - 400,000 soldiers killed in Warring States
36:24 -
36:36 - more peasants when aristocrats had killed each other
37:01 - Warring States could mobilize (civilians-to-fighers) 7or8%, Rome 1or2%
37:22 -
37:45 - The State of Lu about 4th Century
38:04 - Requirement for Taxation leads to Requirement for Bureaucracy
38:10 - State Military leads to the mistaken need for a commodity-money collection
38:29 - Technological innovation lead to the surpluses for the State
38:50 -
39:10 -
39:19 - Spring & Autumn Annals
_______ The Spring and Autumn period was a period in Chinese _______ history from approximately 771 to 476/403 BCE _______ which corresponds roughly to the first half of the Eastern _______ Zhou period. _______ The period's name derives from the Spring & Autumn Annals, _______ a chronicle of the state of Lu between 722 & 479 BCE, which _______ tradition associates with Confucius (551–479 BCE). _______ During this period, the Zhou royal authority over the various _______ feudal states eroded as more and more dukes & marquesses _______ obtained de facto regional autonomy, defying the king's court _______ in Luoyi and waging wars amongst themselves. _______ The gradual Partition of Jin, one of the most powerful states, _______ marked the end of the Spring & Autumn period & the _______ beginning of the Warring States period. -- Wikipedia
39:39 - THE PRUSSIA of CHINA is CHIN , one of the 7 Waring States
39:51 -
_______ The Seven Warring States or Seven Kingdoms _______ (simplified Chinese: 战国七雄; traditional Chinese: _______ 戰國七雄; pinyin: zhàn guó qī xióng) refers to the _______ seven leading states during the Warring States _______ period (c. 475 to 221 BCE) of ancient China:
_______ _______ Qin (秦) _______ _______ _______ Qi (齊/齐) _____ Fell 221 B C (6th) _______ _______ Chu (楚) ______ Fell 223 B C (4th) _______ _______ Yan (燕) ______ Fell 222 B C (5th) _______ _______ Han (韓/韩) __ Fell 230 B C (1st) _______ _______ Zhao (趙/赵) _ Fell 228 B C (2nd) _______ _______ Wei (魏) _____ Fell 225 B C (3rd)
Over the Warring States period, many of the seven states underwent bureaucratic and military reforms in order to mobilise resources on a greater scale. This led to an intensification of warfare over the period, but also led to economic and cultural developments on a large scale.
Of the Seven Warring States, Qin eventually grew to be the strongest and successfully annexed the other six states; Han was the first to fall, in 230 BCE, while Qi was the last to surrender in 221 BCE. Zheng, the King of Qin, created the new title of huangdi (emperor), and became China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huangdi
Qin Shi Huang (Chinese: 秦始皇; lit.: 'First Emperor of Qin', About this soundpronunciation (help·info); 18 February 259 BC – 10 September 210 BC) was the founder of the Qin dynasty and the first emperor of a unified China. From 247 to 221 BC he was Zheng, King of Qin (秦王政, Qín Wáng Zhèng, personal name 嬴政 Yíng Zhèng or 趙政 Zhào Zhèng). He became China's first emperor when he was 38 after the Qin had conquered all of the other Warring States and unified all of China in 221 BC.[2] Rather than maintain the title of "king" (王 wáng) borne by the previous Shang and Zhou rulers, he ruled as the First Emperor (始皇帝) of the Qin dynasty from 221 BC to 210 BC. His self-invented title "emperor" (皇帝 About this soundhuángdì) would continue to be borne by Chinese rulers for the next two millennia. -- Wikipedia . 41:27 - Book titled SEEING LIKE A STATE by James Scott
42:18 - In Max weber's definition of a modern STATE
43:19 - One of the big mysteries in Western Interpreting of China's history
_______ How did Western observers fail to notice China won by 2,000 years?
44:19 - Turning to INDIA
47:59 - Religion
49:21 - The BIG ARGUMENT
_______ Ideas drive History or Material Interests drive history
50:02 - A Fairytale (IDEA) 50:22 - 51:09 - 51:36 - 51:51 -
52:20 - The material & biological circumstances in which we live
_______ are NOT the ultimate reality
53:02 - The blood & gore associated with birth
_______ The suffering & deformations associated with disease & violence _______ The repugnances associated with waste effusions from the human body _______ The decay & purification associated with death _______ are all associated with human life and need to be transcended
53:24 -
54:40 -