Evolution of the Territorial Sizes of Empires

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• Graph at [1]: "There have been five major measurable polity upward sweeps in the Central System that we may label:

1. Akkadian-Egyptian, 2.

West Asian-Mediterranean,

3. Islamic,

4. Mongol, and

5. Modern."

(https://www.sociostudies.org/almanac/articles/cycles_of_rise_and_fall_upsweeps_and_collapses_changes/)