Very Long Cycles

Typology

Joshua Goldstein:

"Very long cycles.

• Forrester (1981a:5) refers to an S-shaped "life cycle of economic development" lasting over 200 years.

• Earl Cook (1972) identifies four long logistic curves of energy and materials use and human population over the past million years–of which Forrester's curve would be the fourth.

• Taagepera (1978, 1979) describes "life cycles" of empires often spanning many centuries."

(http://www.joshuagoldstein.com/jgcyc01.pdf)