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[[File:Fediverse_logo_proposal_(mono_version).svg|thumb|Fediverse logo proposal (mono)]]
[[File:Fediverse_logo_proposal_(mono_version).svg|thumb|Fediverse logo proposal (mono)]]
The '''Fediverse''' (a [[portmanteau]] of "federation" and "universe") is the ensemble of [[Federation_(information_technology) |federated]] servers that are used for [[web publishing]] (i.e. [[social networking]], [[microblogging]], [[macroblogging]], or [[websites]]) and file hosting.  
The '''Fediverse''' (a [[portmanteau]] of "federation" and "universe") is the ensemble of [[Federation_(information_technology) |federated]] servers that are used for [[web publishing]] (i.e. [[social networking]], [[microblogging]], [[macroblogging]], or [[websites]]) and file hosting.  
On different servers (instances), users can create so called identities. These identities are able to communicate over the boundaries of the instances because the softwares running on the servers support one or more [[Communication protocol|communication protocols]] which follow the [[open standard]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mastoguide.info/Pages/fedFAQ.html|title=Mastodon User Guide|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409030653/http://mastoguide.info/Pages/fedFAQ.html|archive-date=2017-04-09|dead-url=yes}}</ref> As an identity on the fediverse, you are able to exchange private messages or other data with other identities or to follow posts by other identities. In some cases, you can even show or share data (video, audio, text and other files) publicly or to a selected group of identities and allow other identities to edit your data (i.e. a calendar or an address book).   
On different servers (instances), users can create so called identities. These identities are able to communicate over the boundaries of the instances because the softwares running on the servers support one or more [[Communication protocol|communication protocols]] which follow the [[open standard]].<ref>[http://mastoguide.info/Pages/fedFAQ.html|title=Mastodon User Guide|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409030653/http://mastoguide.info/Pages/fedFAQ.html|archive-date=2017-04-09|dead-url=yes}}</ref> As an identity on the fediverse, you are able to exchange private messages or other data with other identities or to follow posts by other identities. In some cases, you can even show or share data (video, audio, text and other files) publicly or to a selected group of identities and allow other identities to edit your data (i.e. a calendar or an address book).   


== History ==
== History ==
In 2008, the social network [[identi.ca]] was founded by [[wikipedia:Evan Prodromou|Evan Prodromou]]. He published the software [[GNU Social]] under a [[free license]] ([[GNU Affero General Public License|GNU Affero General Public License, AGPL]]). Besides the server, identi.ca, there were only few other instances existing, run by persons for their own use. This changed in 2011/2012 when identi.ca switched to another software called [[pump.io]]. Several new GNU Social instances were created.
In 2008, the social network [[identi.ca]] was founded by [[wikipedia:Evan Prodromou|Evan Prodromou]]. He published the software [[GNU Social]] under a [[free license]] ([[GNU Affero General Public License|GNU Affero General Public License, AGPL]]). Besides the server, identi.ca, there were only few other instances existing, run by persons for their own use. This changed in 2011/2012 when identi.ca switched to another software called [[pump.io]]. Several new GNU Social instances were created.
At the same time as GNU Social, other projects like [[Friendica]], Hubzilla,<ref name="Hubzilla gnusoc">{{cite web |url=https://framagit.org/hubzilla/addons/tree/master/gnusoc |title=gnusoc · master · hubzilla / addons |access-date=2018-07-17 |author=framagit.org/hubzilla/}}</ref> [[Mastodon (software)|Mastodon]] and Pleroma<ref name="Pleroma">{{cite web |url=https://pleroma.social/ |author=pleroma.social|title=Pleroma |access-date=2018-07-17}}</ref> integrated the [[OStatus]] protocol, thus extending the fediverse.
At the same time as GNU Social, other projects like [[Friendica]], Hubzilla,<ref name="Hubzilla gnusoc">[https://framagit.org/hubzilla/addons/tree/master/gnusoc |title=gnusoc · master · hubzilla / addons |access-date=2018-07-17 |author=framagit.org/hubzilla/}}</ref> [[Mastodon (software)|Mastodon]] and Pleroma<ref name="Pleroma">[https://pleroma.social/ |author=pleroma.social|title=Pleroma |access-date=2018-07-17}}</ref> integrated the [[OStatus]] protocol, thus extending the fediverse.


In the meantime, other communication protocols have evolved which are integrated to different degrees into the platforms. In January 2016, the [[World Wide Web Consortium|W3C]] presented the [[ActivityPub|ActivityPub]] protocol, aiming to improve the interoperability between the platforms. {{As of|2018|8}}, this protocol is supported by thirteen platforms (see the table below).
In the meantime, other communication protocols have evolved which are integrated to different degrees into the platforms. In January 2016, the [[World Wide Web Consortium|W3C]] presented the [[ActivityPub|ActivityPub]] protocol, aiming to improve the interoperability between the platforms. As of 2018-08, this protocol is supported by thirteen platforms (see the table below).


== Communication protocols used in the fediverse ==
== Communication protocols used in the fediverse ==
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<!-- Alphabetical Order -->
<!-- Alphabetical Order -->
* [[ActivityPub]]
* [[ActivityPub]]
* [[DFRN]] <ref>{{cite web |url=https://github.com/friendica/friendica/blob/master/spec/dfrn2.pdf|title=DFRN2|author=github.com/friendica/|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref>
* [[DFRN]] <ref>[https://github.com/friendica/friendica/blob/master/spec/dfrn2.pdf|title=DFRN2|author=github.com/friendica/|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref>
* [[Diaspora (social network)|Diaspora Network]]
* [[Diaspora (social network)|Diaspora Network]]
* [[OStatus]]
* [[OStatus]]
* [[Zot (protocol)|Zot &amp; Zot/6]] <ref>{{cite web |url=https://macgirvin.com/wiki/mike/Zot%2BVI/Home|title=Zot/6|author=Mike Macgirvin|access-date=2018-09-14}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=https://project.hubzilla.org/help/en/developer/zot_protocol|title=Zot Protocol|author=project.hubzilla.org|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref>
* [[Zot (protocol)|Zot &amp; Zot/6]] <ref>[https://macgirvin.com/wiki/mike/Zot%2BVI/Home|title=Zot/6|author=Mike Macgirvin|access-date=2018-09-14}}</ref> <ref>[https://project.hubzilla.org/help/en/developer/zot_protocol|title=Zot Protocol|author=project.hubzilla.org|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref>


==Fediverse software platforms==
==Fediverse software platforms==
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| Anfora
| Anfora
| Image hosting
| Image hosting
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              In progress <ref>{{cite web |author=Anfora|title=Implement mastodon API endpoints                #23|url=https://github.com/anforaProject/anfora/issues/23|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref>
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              In progress <ref>[https://github.com/anforaProject/anfora/issues/23 author=Anfora|title=Implement mastodon API endpoints                #23|url=|access-date=2018-12-10]</ref>
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        No
Line 66: Line 66:
| [[Diaspora (software)|diaspora* software]]
| [[Diaspora (software)|diaspora* software]]
| [[Social network]], [[Microblogging]]
| [[Social network]], [[Microblogging]]
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              Proposed <ref>{{cite web |author=diaspora*|title=Support ActivityPub #7422|url=https://github.com/diaspora/diaspora/issues/7422|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |author=diaspora*|title=Let's talk about ActivityPub|url=https://discourse.diasporafoundation.org/t/lets-talk-about-activitypub/741|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref>
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              Proposed <ref>[https://github.com/diaspora/diaspora/issues/7422 author=diaspora*|title=Support ActivityPub #7422|url=|access-date=2018-08-18]</ref> <ref>[ttps://discourse.diasporafoundation.org/t/lets-talk-about-activitypub/741 author=diaspora*|title=Let's talk about ActivityPub|url=h|access-date=2018-08-18]</ref>
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        Yes
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        Yes
Line 98: Line 98:
| [[GNU MediaGoblin]]
| [[GNU MediaGoblin]]
| file, image, audio, video hosting
| file, image, audio, video hosting
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              Proposed <ref>{{cite web |author=GNU MediaGoblin|title=Move federation code to ActivityPub spec #5503|url=https://issues.mediagoblin.org/ticket/5503|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref>
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              Proposed <ref>[https://issues.mediagoblin.org/ticket/5503 author=GNU MediaGoblin title=Move federation code to ActivityPub spec #5503 access-date=2018-08-18]</ref>
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        No
Line 106: Line 106:
| [[GNU social|GNUsocial]]<br />(f. StatusNet; orig. Laconica)
| [[GNU social|GNUsocial]]<br />(f. StatusNet; orig. Laconica)
| [[Microblogging]]
| [[Microblogging]]
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              Proposed <ref>{{cite web |author=GNU social|title=Support ActivityPub #256|url=https://git.gnu.io/gnu/gnu-social/issues/256|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |author=GNU social|title=Plugin|url=https://git.gnu.io/dansup/ActivityPub/|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref>
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              Proposed <ref>[https://git.gnu.io/gnu/gnu-social/issues/256 author=GNU social|title=Support ActivityPub #256|url=|access-date=2018-08-18]</ref> <ref>[https://git.gnu.io/dansup/ActivityPub/ author=GNU social|title=Plugin|url=|access-date=2018-08-18</ref>
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        No
Line 130: Line 130:
| [[Mastodon (software)|Mastodon]]
| [[Mastodon (software)|Mastodon]]
| [[Microblogging]]
| [[Microblogging]]
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              Yes <ref>{{cite web |author=Mastodon|title=ActivityPub support #1557|url=https://github.com/tootsuite/mastodon/issues/1557|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref>
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              Yes <ref>[https://github.com/tootsuite/mastodon/issues/1557 author=Mastodon|title=ActivityPub support #1557|url=|access-date=2018-08-18]</ref>
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        No
Line 154: Line 154:
| [[Nextcloud]]
| [[Nextcloud]]
| File hosting
| File hosting
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              Yes <ref>{{cite web |author=Nextcloud|title=Nextcloud introduces social features, joins the fediverse|url=https://nextcloud.com/blog/nextcloud-introduces-social-features-joins-the-fediverse/|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref>
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              Yes <ref>[https://nextcloud.com/blog/nextcloud-introduces-social-features-joins-the-fediverse/ author=Nextcloud|title=Nextcloud introduces social features, joins the fediverse|url=|access-date=2018-12-10]</ref>
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        No
Line 194: Line 194:
| PixelFed
| PixelFed
| Image hosting
| Image hosting
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              In progress <ref>{{cite web |author=PixelFed|title=We can't wait to join the fediverse.|url=https://mastodon.social/@pixelfed/101204332099526273|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref>
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              In progress <ref>[https://mastodon.social/@pixelfed/101204332099526273 author=PixelFed|title=We can't wait to join the fediverse. access-date=2018-12-10]</ref>
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        No
Line 218: Line 218:
| postActiv  
| postActiv  
| [[Microblogging]]
| [[Microblogging]]
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              Proposed <ref>{{cite web |author=postActiv|title=ActivityPub support #97|url=https://git.postactiv.com/postActiv/postActiv/issues/97|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref>
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              Proposed <ref>[https://git.postactiv.com/postActiv/postActiv/issues/97 author=postActiv|title=ActivityPub support #97 access-date=2018-08-18]</ref>
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        No
Line 242: Line 242:
| [[pump.io]]
| [[pump.io]]
| [[Microblogging]]
| [[Microblogging]]
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              Proposed <ref>{{cite web |author=pump.io|title=ActivityPub support #1241|url=https://github.com/pump-io/pump.io/issues/1241|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref>
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              Proposed <ref>[https://github.com/pump-io/pump.io/issues/1241 author=pump.io|title=ActivityPub support #1241|url=|access-date=2018-08-18]</ref>
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        No
| <!-- OStatus -->                  Dropped <ref>{{cite web |author=pump.io|title=OStatus #8|url=https://github.com/pump-io/pump.io/issues/8|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref>
| <!-- OStatus -->                  Dropped <ref>[https://github.com/pump-io/pump.io/issues/8 author=pump.io|title=OStatus #8 access-date=2018-08-18]</ref>
| <!-- Zot/6 -->                    No
| <!-- Zot/6 -->                    No
|-
|-
| Read.as
| Read.as
| [[News aggregator|Feed reader]]
| [[News aggregator|Feed reader]]
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              Yes <ref>{{cite web |author=Read.as|title=Long-form ActivityPub-enabled reader|url=https://github.com/writeas/Read.as|access-date=2018-08-29}}</ref>
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              Yes <ref>[https://github.com/writeas/Read.as author=Read.as|title=Long-form ActivityPub-enabled reader access-date=2018-08-29]</ref>
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        No
Line 258: Line 258:
| Socialhome
| Socialhome
| [[Website]], [[Social network]], [[Microblogging]]
| [[Website]], [[Social network]], [[Microblogging]]
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              In progress <ref>{{cite web |author=Socialhome|title=Federation - ActivityPub support is work in progress|url=https://socialhome.network/content/83203/federation-socialhome-federates-using-the-di/|access-date=2018-09-16}}</ref>
| <!-- ActivityPub -->              In progress <ref>[https://socialhome.network/content/83203/federation-socialhome-federates-using-the-di/ author=Socialhome|title=Federation - ActivityPub support is work in progress|url=|access-date=2018-09-16]</ref>
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- DFRN -->                    No
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        Yes
| <!-- Diaspora Network -->        Yes
| <!-- OStatus -->                  No
| <!-- OStatus -->                  No
| <!-- Zot/6 -->                    Proposed <ref>{{cite web | url=https://git.feneas.org/socialhome/socialhome/issues/479 | title=Implementing Zot | author=Jason Robinson | date=May 19, 2018}}</ref>
| <!-- Zot/6 -->                    Proposed <ref>[https://git.feneas.org/socialhome/socialhome/issues/479 | title=Implementing Zot | author=Jason Robinson | date=May 19, 2018}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Write.as / Write Freely
| Write.as / Write Freely
Line 283: Line 283:


== Actual spreading ==
== Actual spreading ==
The statistic service ''the-federation.info'' states for the 6th of December 2018 following data about the fediverse. The statistics do not reflect the whole fediverse. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://the-federation.info|author=the-federation.info|title=The Federation - Welcome to the new social web|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref>
The statistic service ''the-federation.info'' states for the 6th of December 2018 following data about the fediverse. The statistics do not reflect the whole fediverse. <ref>[https://the-federation.info|author=the-federation.info|title=The Federation - Welcome to the new social web|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref>
* Number of instances (servers): 3,952
* Number of instances (servers): 3,952
* Number of  identities: 2,382,670
* Number of  identities: 2,382,670

Revision as of 15:21, 18 January 2019

Copied from the Wikipedia article (CC BY-SA 4.0) on 2018-12-19: = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fediverse

File:Fediverse logo proposal.svg
Fediverse logo proposal
File:Fediverse logo proposal (mono version).svg
Fediverse logo proposal (mono)

The Fediverse (a portmanteau of "federation" and "universe") is the ensemble of federated servers that are used for web publishing (i.e. social networking, microblogging, macroblogging, or websites) and file hosting. On different servers (instances), users can create so called identities. These identities are able to communicate over the boundaries of the instances because the softwares running on the servers support one or more communication protocols which follow the open standard.[1] As an identity on the fediverse, you are able to exchange private messages or other data with other identities or to follow posts by other identities. In some cases, you can even show or share data (video, audio, text and other files) publicly or to a selected group of identities and allow other identities to edit your data (i.e. a calendar or an address book).

History

In 2008, the social network identi.ca was founded by Evan Prodromou. He published the software GNU Social under a free license (GNU Affero General Public License, AGPL). Besides the server, identi.ca, there were only few other instances existing, run by persons for their own use. This changed in 2011/2012 when identi.ca switched to another software called pump.io. Several new GNU Social instances were created. At the same time as GNU Social, other projects like Friendica, Hubzilla,[2] Mastodon and Pleroma[3] integrated the OStatus protocol, thus extending the fediverse.

In the meantime, other communication protocols have evolved which are integrated to different degrees into the platforms. In January 2016, the W3C presented the ActivityPub protocol, aiming to improve the interoperability between the platforms. As of 2018-08, this protocol is supported by thirteen platforms (see the table below).

Communication protocols used in the fediverse

These communication protocols which follow the open standard are used in the fediverse:

Fediverse software platforms

The software spanning the fediverse are all free. Some of them vaguely resemble Twitter in style (for example, Mastodon and GNU Social, which are similar in their microblogging function), while others include more communication and transaction options that are instead comparable to Google+ or Facebook (such as is the case with Friendica and Hubzilla).

The following software platforms span the fediverse by using the listed communication protocols:

Platform Name Type ActivityPub DFRN Diaspora
Network 		OStatus Zot
Zot/6
Aardwolf Social network Yes No No No No
Anfora Image hosting In progress [7] No No No No
CloutStream Professional Social network Yes No No No No
diaspora* software Social network, Microblogging Proposed [8] [9] No Yes No No
distbin Pastebin Yes No No No No
Friendica
(f. Friendika; orig. Mistpark) 		Social network, Microblogging Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Funkwhale Audio, sound hosting Yes No No No No
GNU MediaGoblin file, image, audio, video hosting Proposed [10] No No No No
GNUsocial
(f. StatusNet; orig. Laconica) 		Microblogging Proposed [11] [12] No No Yes No
Hubzilla
(f. RedMatrix; orig. Friendica-Red) 		CMS, Social network, Microblogging, Wiki, Blogging, Image gallery, File hosting Yes No Yes Yes [2] Zot
Littr.me Link-sharing Yes No No No No
Mastodon Microblogging Yes [13] No No Yes No
microblog.pub Microblogging Yes No No No No
Misskey Social network, Microblogging Yes No No No No
Nextcloud File hosting Yes [14] No No No No
Numaverse Microblogging, ETH blockchain Yes No No No No
Osada Social network, Microblogging Yes No No No Zot/6
PeerPx Image hosting Yes No No No No
PeerTube Video hosting Yes No No No No
PixelFed Image hosting In progress [15] No No No No
Pleroma Microblogging Yes No No Yes [3] No
Plume Blogging Yes No No No No
postActiv Microblogging Proposed [16] No No Yes No
Prismo Link-sharing Yes No No No No
Pubcast (f. Metapods) Netcasting Yes No No No No
pump.io Microblogging Proposed [17] No No Dropped [18] No
Read.as Feed reader Yes [19] No No No No
Socialhome Website, Social network, Microblogging In progress [20] No Yes No Proposed [21]
Write.as / Write Freely Blogging Yes No No No No
Zap Social network, Microblogging No No No No Yes Zot/6

Actual spreading

The statistic service the-federation.info states for the 6th of December 2018 following data about the fediverse. The statistics do not reflect the whole fediverse. [22]

  • Number of instances (servers): 3,952
  • Number of identities: 2,382,670
  • Number of posts: 201,681,558
  • Number of comments: 4,764,706

See also

References

  1. ↑ [http://mastoguide.info/Pages/fedFAQ.html%7Ctitle=Mastodon User Guide|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409030653/http://mastoguide.info/Pages/fedFAQ.html%7Carchive-date=2017-04-09%7Cdead-url=yes}}
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 [https://framagit.org/hubzilla/addons/tree/master/gnusoc |title=gnusoc · master · hubzilla / addons |access-date=2018-07-17 |author=framagit.org/hubzilla/}}
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 [https://pleroma.social/ |author=pleroma.social|title=Pleroma |access-date=2018-07-17}}
  4. ↑ [https://github.com/friendica/friendica/blob/master/spec/dfrn2.pdf%7Ctitle=DFRN2%7Cauthor=github.com/friendica/%7Caccess-date=2018-08-18}}
  5. ↑ [https://macgirvin.com/wiki/mike/Zot%2BVI/Home%7Ctitle=Zot/6%7Cauthor=Mike Macgirvin|access-date=2018-09-14}}
  6. ↑ [https://project.hubzilla.org/help/en/developer/zot_protocol%7Ctitle=Zot Protocol|author=project.hubzilla.org|access-date=2018-08-18}}
  7. ↑ author=Anfora|title=Implement mastodon API endpoints #23|url=|access-date=2018-12-10
  8. ↑ author=diaspora*|title=Support ActivityPub #7422|url=|access-date=2018-08-18
  9. ↑ [ttps://discourse.diasporafoundation.org/t/lets-talk-about-activitypub/741 author=diaspora*|title=Let's talk about ActivityPub|url=h|access-date=2018-08-18]
  10. ↑ author=GNU MediaGoblin title=Move federation code to ActivityPub spec #5503 access-date=2018-08-18
  11. ↑ author=GNU social|title=Support ActivityPub #256|url=|access-date=2018-08-18
  12. ↑ [https://git.gnu.io/dansup/ActivityPub/ author=GNU social|title=Plugin|url=|access-date=2018-08-18
  13. ↑ author=Mastodon|title=ActivityPub support #1557|url=|access-date=2018-08-18
  14. ↑ author=Nextcloud|title=Nextcloud introduces social features, joins the fediverse|url=|access-date=2018-12-10
  15. ↑ author=PixelFed|title=We can't wait to join the fediverse. access-date=2018-12-10
  16. ↑ author=postActiv|title=ActivityPub support #97 access-date=2018-08-18
  17. ↑ author=pump.io|title=ActivityPub support #1241|url=|access-date=2018-08-18
  18. ↑ author=pump.io|title=OStatus #8 access-date=2018-08-18
  19. ↑ author=Read.as|title=Long-form ActivityPub-enabled reader access-date=2018-08-29
  20. ↑ author=Socialhome|title=Federation - ActivityPub support is work in progress|url=|access-date=2018-09-16
  21. ↑ [https://git.feneas.org/socialhome/socialhome/issues/479 | title=Implementing Zot | author=Jason Robinson | date=May 19, 2018}}
  22. ↑ [https://the-federation.info%7Cauthor=the-federation.info%7Ctitle=The Federation - Welcome to the new social web|access-date=2018-08-18}}
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