Taking Back the Land from the Machines: Difference between revisions
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'''* Book: Reprendre La Terre aux Machines. Manifeste pour une autonomie paysanne et alimentaire. L'Atelier Paysan. Seuil, 2021''' | '''* Book: Reprendre La Terre aux Machines. Manifeste pour une autonomie paysanne et alimentaire. L'Atelier Paysan. Seuil, 2021''' | ||
URL = https://www.seuil.com/ouvrage/reprendre-la-terre-aux-machines-l-atelier-paysan/9782021478174 | URL = https://www.seuil.com/ouvrage/reprendre-la-terre-aux-machines-l-atelier-paysan/9782021478174 | ||
=Contents= | |||
- “Our manifesto is organized into 5 chapters: | |||
- A historical panorama of the industrialization of agriculture | |||
- Identify the factors that ensure the maintenance of an intensive agricultural model | |||
- Agricultural technologies | |||
- Why the bubbling of alternatives is not able to shake the agro-industrial complex | |||
- We call for an in-depth re-politicization of the peasant agriculture movement. " (p. 20) | |||
In French: | |||
- “Notre manifeste est organisé en 5 chapitres: | |||
- Un panorama historique de l’industrialisation de l’agriculture | |||
- Identifier les facteurs qui assurent le maintien d’un modèle agricole intensif | |||
- Les technologies agricoles | |||
- Pourquoi le bouillonnement d’alternatives n’est pas en mesure d'ébranler le complexe agro-industriel | |||
- Nous appelons à une repolitisation en profondeur du mouvement pour l’agriculture paysanne.” (p. 20) | |||
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A machine that we cannot repair and is controlled by a monopoly, definitely enslaves us. A machine that I can repair with other, creating a social relationship in the process, can be in fact emancipatory. | A machine that we cannot repair and is controlled by a monopoly, definitely enslaves us. A machine that I can repair with other, creating a social relationship in the process, can be in fact emancipatory. | ||
The approach is not individualist, it relies on others, and while not striving for autarky, it does aim for more autonomy, and for freedom of a division of labor that enslaves us or is dependent on others. Very concretely, AP wants to install one million of such farmers in ten years in France. | |||
But why talk about farmers (paysan) and not agriculturists (fr: agriculteurs) ? | |||
''- "Pourquoi parlons-nous d’autonomie paysanne, plutôt qu’agricole ?"'' | |||
''- “ ‘Paysan’ désigne une condition, dont l’inscription dans une communauté villageoise .. et la production de ses moyens de subsistance étaient des traits essentiels.” (p. 18)'' | |||
So AP rejects agricultural 'entrepreneurship', and wants to recreate connected farmers, adapted to the epoch. | |||
The politisation we will propose is centered around 3 policy demands: | |||
==Publisher's Summary (in French):== | ==Publisher's Summary (in French):== | ||
| Line 84: | Line 130: | ||
(https://www.seuil.com/ouvrage/reprendre-la-terre-aux-machines-l-atelier-paysan/9782021478174 ) | (https://www.seuil.com/ouvrage/reprendre-la-terre-aux-machines-l-atelier-paysan/9782021478174 ) | ||
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[[Category:Books]] | |||
[[Category:Agrifood]] | |||
[[Category:Technology]] | |||
[[Category:Bauwens Reading Notes Project]] | |||
[[Category:Books]] | |||
[[Category:Agrifood]] | |||
[[Category:Technology]] | |||
[[Category:Bauwens Reading Notes Project]] | |||
[[Category:Books]] | [[Category:Books]] | ||
Revision as of 07:18, 8 January 2022
* Book: Reprendre La Terre aux Machines. Manifeste pour une autonomie paysanne et alimentaire. L'Atelier Paysan. Seuil, 2021
URL = https://www.seuil.com/ouvrage/reprendre-la-terre-aux-machines-l-atelier-paysan/9782021478174
Contents
- “Our manifesto is organized into 5 chapters:
- A historical panorama of the industrialization of agriculture
- Identify the factors that ensure the maintenance of an intensive agricultural model
- Agricultural technologies
- Why the bubbling of alternatives is not able to shake the agro-industrial complex
- We call for an in-depth re-politicization of the peasant agriculture movement. " (p. 20)
In French:
- “Notre manifeste est organisé en 5 chapitres:
- Un panorama historique de l’industrialisation de l’agriculture - Identifier les facteurs qui assurent le maintien d’un modèle agricole intensif - Les technologies agricoles - Pourquoi le bouillonnement d’alternatives n’est pas en mesure d'ébranler le complexe agro-industriel - Nous appelons à une repolitisation en profondeur du mouvement pour l’agriculture paysanne.” (p. 20)
Summary
Reading Notes
From the reading notes from Michel Bauwens, 2021:
- The main thesis of the book is that changes in consumptive practices and patterns will never be successful for achieving structural change in our agri-food system.
Introduction
The intro starts with an atmospheric description of a machine-making workshop, organized by the AP movement itself:
- “Ca discute de .. reprendre la terre aux machines. Les machines comme engins de guerre agricole, mais aussi comme machine économique, industrielle, bureaucratique.” (p. 8)
- Cette industrie .. profite de chaque choc pour se propager, éliminant les savoirs faire, la communauté paysanne, la biodiversité . Les plus pauvres d’entre nous .. souffrent de pathologies chroniques (diabète, hypertension, obésité, cancer), liées à l’alimentation industrielle.” (p. 8)
- “Le bilan d’un siècle d’industrialisation de l’agriculture … est catastrophique.” (p. 9)
But why is there no efficient counter-movement ? The old model is not challenged by the new consumption and organic production.
The quantity of used pesticides has not diminished in the last 10 years, but actually augmented! (+ 22% sales from 2009 to 2018, see note 5, p. 10). A football field of arable land is lost every 5 minutes, i.e. a french department every decade (see note 6). The number of farm workers is reduced by 2% every year. (note 7)
So AP no longer believes in the consumptive alternatives, as they act merely as a complement to agro-industry, never endangering it. Technological accumulation and dispossession continues. But advising govt is equally fruitless: without a social movement, there will be no radical change.
- (Le changement) “n’aura jamais lieu sans un rapport de force assumé, un conflit compliqué, dont nous allons dans ce livre tenter de définir les terrains prioritaires.” (p. 11)
- “Ce manifeste se veut une contribution à l'émergence d’un large mouvement populaire pour l’autonomie paysanne et alimentaire.” (p 11)
What does that mean ?
Food and agriculture must always be thought together, we must refuse capitalistic dualism of separating consumption from production. The de-pauperisation of urbanites and the generalisation of peasant agriculture must go together. This means a rejection of the post-World-War-II consensus, to produce the cheapest food possible. Modern agriculture is the result of specific choices we must now reject.
(The part of food in the family budget was 23.6% in 1960, and 12.4% in 2013, p. 8) -
70% of farming income consists of national and EU public funding, while half of the farmers have negative revenues. The system is no working as we need a more socialized agriculture, more isolated from the world market. (p. 13)
Because in France, as elsewhere:
- “L’agriculture a été la ‘fonction support’ du développement industriel!”
It's modernisation was the precondition for other 'modernized' sectors, but cheap food was also necessary to liberate budgets for more consumption. Industrialized agriculture is therefore intricately interwoven in both the production and consumption side of the capitalist economy.
Why does AP talk about food autonomy rather than sovereignty ? This is because the latter concept still carries a competitive undertone:
- “ ‘Souverain’ vient étymologiquement de l’adjectif latin ‘superus’, c.a.d. 'Supérieur', ‘qui surpasse tout’. Le souverain est celui qui est au-dessus de tous les autres.”
So the very notion of popular sovereignty has somewhat of a contradictory meaning. It combines the idea of popular self-government, with the idea of a state which decides for its subjects. It also refers to the right of certain people to dominate other people's (“Elle évoque l'idée qu’un peuple particulier qui a trouvé le moyen de dominer les autres, de se maintenir au-dessus d’eux dans la course à la puissance.”, p. 5)
By contrast,
- “L’autonomie est étymologiquement le fait de se donner à soi-même sa loi. Parler d’autonomie paysanne et alimentaire, c’est affirmer l’exigence de la délibération politique et populaire dans la production de l’alimentation.”
These discussions must also invite to collective reflections about self-limitation! (regarding the accumulation of land, use of technology, growth, etc ..). Do we always need bigger and better ?
In their workshops, they invite participants to examine all their 'dependencies', and to analyse which of them enslave them, and which emancipate them.
A machine that we cannot repair and is controlled by a monopoly, definitely enslaves us. A machine that I can repair with other, creating a social relationship in the process, can be in fact emancipatory.
The approach is not individualist, it relies on others, and while not striving for autarky, it does aim for more autonomy, and for freedom of a division of labor that enslaves us or is dependent on others. Very concretely, AP wants to install one million of such farmers in ten years in France.
But why talk about farmers (paysan) and not agriculturists (fr: agriculteurs) ?
- "Pourquoi parlons-nous d’autonomie paysanne, plutôt qu’agricole ?"
- “ ‘Paysan’ désigne une condition, dont l’inscription dans une communauté villageoise .. et la production de ses moyens de subsistance étaient des traits essentiels.” (p. 18)
So AP rejects agricultural 'entrepreneurship', and wants to recreate connected farmers, adapted to the epoch.
The politisation we will propose is centered around 3 policy demands:
Publisher's Summary (in French):
"Le temps joue pour nous : les AMAP, la Bio et les circuits courts apparaissent de plus en plus dans les médias comme dans nos assiettes – l’opinion publique est acquise. Si chaque consommateur change ses habitudes alimentaires, si chaque agriculteur se forme à l’agroécologie, alors la victoire est au bout de la fourchette. Ceci est une fable.
L’appel à la responsabilité individuelle, ce « chacun doit faire sa part », ne mettra jamais fin au modèle alimentaire industriel et marchand. Celui-ci est une machine à produire artificiellement au moindre coût, une machine à confisquer les savoirs et savoir-faire, à enrichir les industries technologiques, à déshumaniser.
Il est temps d’échapper à notre enfermement dans les niches d’un marché alimentaire réservé aux classes aisées et de reprendre entièrement la terre aux machines. Ce manifeste propose de sérieuses pistes de rupture.
L’Atelier Paysan accompagne la conception et le colportage des technologies paysannes. Les auteurs, paysans, syndicalistes et militants, sociétaires de la coopérative, font le constat que les alternatives paysannes, aussi incroyablement riches soient-elles, s’avèrent totalement inoffensives face au complexe agro-industriel, plus prédateur que jamais."
(https://www.seuil.com/ouvrage/reprendre-la-terre-aux-machines-l-atelier-paysan/9782021478174 ) -