Seven Basic Epistemological Perspectives: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 05:45, 19 March 2021

* Article: Seven Perspectives. C. George Boeree.

Available at https://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/sevenpersp.html

Online essay outlining seven basic epistemological perspectives, i.e. 'ways of seeing / interpreting the world'

Typology

From the reading notes of Michel Bauwens, 2004:

1. Autistic Perspective

Infants, autistic children, several psychotic adults, everyone when we engage in automatic, instinctive, defensive behaviour

our own personal subjective perspective is the only one, "everyone sees reality the same way"
symptoms: belief in magical efficacy, animism

2. Authoritarian perspective

Most children, adults in highly structured traditional societies

There are other perspectives, but only one social reality, and those that do not accept it are wrong and have to be made to conform

3. Rationalistic Perspective

Children in the 2nd half of elementary school

truth is objective, and be uncovered by the mind commonalities amongst various perspectives are sought
symptoms: idealism, argumentation

4. Mechanistic Perspective

Adolescents and young adults now; scientists

seeks universal laws, but not in the mind through logic, but in nature and matter, through empiricism and quantitative laws

5. The Cybernetic Perspective

finally accepts both material and non-material realities, both reason and empiricism, but recognizes that the observer influences the observed. Centers around information and modelling rather than cause and effect.

6. The Epistemic Perspective

ultimate reality cannot be other than the sum of all perspectives, plus much that is unperceived. Sometime called intersubjective, or 'phenomenological'. Full accepts relativity and uncertainty

7. The Transcendental Perspective

Attemtps to deconstruct perspectives, mind and self

Overview of subjective/objective stages

1. autististic and 2. authoritarian = SUBJECTIVE
3. rationalistic and 4. mechanistic and 5. cybernetic: OBJECTIVE
6. epistemic and 7. transcendental: SUBJECTIVE-OBJECTIVE

Overview of moral stages

Piaget: pre-operational ; Kohlberg: pre-conventional; Bronfenbenner: self-oriented
Piaget: concrete operations ; Kohlberg: conventional; B: other-oriented
Piaget: formal operations ; K: stage of universal principle
Kohlberg: post-conventional ; K:stage of social contract
Bronfenbenner: objectively oriented
Perry: idea of commitment

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''* Article: Seven Perspectives. C. George Boeree.'''
@@ Line 6: / Line 5: @@
 Online essay outlining seven basic epistemological perspectives, i.e. 'ways of seeing / interpreting the world'
-=Typology=
+== Typology ==
 From the reading notes of Michel Bauwens, 2004:
-==1. Autistic Perspective==
+===1. Autistic Perspective===
-- Infants, autistic children, several psychotic adults, everyone when we engage in automatic, instinctive, defensive behaviour
+Infants, autistic children, several psychotic adults, everyone when we engage in automatic, instinctive, defensive behaviour
+* our own personal subjective perspective is the only one, "everyone sees reality the same way"
+* symptoms: belief in magical efficacy, animism
-    - our own personal subjective perspective is the only one, "everyone sees reality the same way"
+===2. Authoritarian perspective===
-    - symptoms: belief in magical efficacy, animism
+Most children, adults in highly structured traditional societies
+* There are other perspectives, but only one social reality, and those that do not  accept it are wrong and have to be made to conform
-==2. Authoritarian perspective==
+===3. Rationalistic Perspective===
-- Most children, adults in highly structured traditional societies
+Children in the 2nd half of elementary school
+* truth is objective, and be uncovered by the mind commonalities amongst various perspectives are sought
+* symptoms: idealism, argumentation
-    - There are other perspectives, but only one social reality, and those that do not  accept it are wrong and have to be made to conform
+===4. Mechanistic Perspective===
-==3. Rationalistic Perspective==
+Adolescents and young adults now; scientists
+* seeks universal laws, but not in the mind through logic, but in nature and matter, through empiricism and quantitative laws
-- Children in the 2nd half of elementary school
+===5. The Cybernetic Perspective===
-    - truth is objective, and be uncovered by the mind commonalities amongst various perspectives are sought
+finally accepts both material and non-material realities, both reason and empiricism, but recognizes that the observer influences the observed. Centers around information and modelling rather than cause and effect.
-    - symptoms: idealism, argumentation
-==4. Mechanistic Perspective==
-- Adolescents and young adults now; scientists
-    - seeks universal laws, but not in the mind through logic, but in nature and matter, through empiricism and quantitative laws
-==5. The Cybernetic Perspective==
-- finally accepts both material and non-material realities, both reason and empiricism, but recognizes that the observer influences the observied. Centers around information and modelling rather than cause and effect.
-==6. The Epistemic Perspective==
+===6. The Epistemic Perspective===
-- ultimate reality cannot be other than the sum of all perspectives, plus much that is unperceived. Sometime called intersubjective, or 'phenomenological'. Full accepts relativity and uncertainy
+ultimate reality cannot be other than the sum of all perspectives, plus much that is unperceived. Sometime called intersubjective, or 'phenomenological'. Full accepts relativity and uncertainty
-==7. The Transcendental Perspective==
-- Attemtps to deconstruct perspectives, mind and self
-=Overview of subjective/objective stages=
-    - 1. autististic and 2. authoritarian = SUBJECTIVE
-    - 3. rationalistic and 4. mechanistic and 5. cybernetic: OBJECTIVE
-    - 6. epistemic and 7. transcendental: SUBJECTIVE-OBJECTIVE
+===7. The Transcendental Perspective===
+Attemtps to deconstruct perspectives, mind and self
-=Overview of moral stages=
+==Overview of subjective/objective stages==
+* 1. autististic and 2. authoritarian = SUBJECTIVE
+* 3. rationalistic and 4. mechanistic and 5. cybernetic: OBJECTIVE
+* 6. epistemic and 7. transcendental: SUBJECTIVE-OBJECTIVE
-    - 1. Piaget: pre-operational ; Kohlberg: pre-conventional; Bronfenbenner: self-oriented
+==Overview of moral stages==
-    - 2. Piaget: concrete operations ; Kohlberg: conventional; B: other-oriented
+# Piaget: pre-operational ; Kohlberg: pre-conventional; Bronfenbenner: self-oriented
-    - 3. Piaget: formal operations ; K: stage of universal principle
+# Piaget: concrete operations ; Kohlberg: conventional; B: other-oriented
-    - 4. Kohlberg: post-conventional ; K:stage of social contract
+# Piaget: formal operations ; K: stage of universal principle
-    - 5. Bronfenbenner: objectively oriented
+# Kohlberg: post-conventional ; K:stage of social contract
-    - 6: Perry: idea of commitment
+# Bronfenbenner: objectively oriented
+# Perry: idea of commitment
 [[Category:Bauwens Reading Notes Project]]
 [[Category:Intelligence]]
 [[Category:Integral Theory]]