Cross-Civilizational Exchanges in History

* Book: NON-WESTERN SCIENCE—MINING CIVILIZATIONAL KNOWLEDGE. By Susantha Goonatilake. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. GLOBAL TRANSFORMATIONS AND WORLD FUTURES - Vol. I.

URL = https://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c13/E1-24-01-02.pdf

Summary

"Recent Asian histories of science indicate considerable areas of mutual influence across civilizations, for example between Europe and South Asia. When the classical age collapsed in the fifth century C.E., European and South Asian contacts continued through Arab intermediaries. Arab transmissions to Europe from Asia covered astronomy and mathematics to medicine, the transmitted arithmetic facilitating the Renaissance. Some of these transmissions continued during the Renaissance, as in botany and later as in Indian procedures adopted in nineteenth-century plastic surgery. But these transmissions did not exhaust stores of useful Asian knowledge. Recently, there has been an increase in transfers in medicine to psychology to mathematics."