University
History
via Mixel Kiemen:
"The 1st generation university is a scholar institute of knowledge. The oldest still active university is Bologna and it goes back to 1088. The 2nd generation university can be aligned with the scientific revolution, when research became a systematic part of the university. For a time indication, the first scientific journals date back to 1665. First only few such journals exist, today and an abundance of them exists. The 3rd generation is driven by a search for technological innovation, boosting the economy by developing a 3rd university pillar: Technology Transfer Office (TTO). It took centuries to institutionalize science in university, it is only taking decades to institutionalize TTO."