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• 14:33, 19 September 2024 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Impact of the Center-Periphery Model for Net Energy in the Rise and Fall of Civilizations (Created page with " =Discussion= James Quilligan: "Tainter (2004) and others emphasize the decisive impact of the center-periphery model for net energy in the rise and fall of civilizations.2 This pattern began twelve thousand years ago with the Holocene Age, when Earth’s glaciers receded and food, wood, and animals became the vital sources of energy and value. Throughout this long span to the present, as populations grew, they developed settlements, towns, city-states, and nations in...")