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Combined display of all available logs of P2P Foundation. You can narrow down the view by selecting a log type, the username (case-sensitive), or the affected page (also case-sensitive).

• 16:51, 1 April 2025 MDEE talk contribs created page File:Fig1.png
• 16:51, 1 April 2025 MDEE talk contribs uploaded File:Fig1.png
• 13:06, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Teleology (Created page with "=Discussion= Daniel Kodaj, László Bernáth et al. : "Regardless of the historical baggage of the term “teleology”, functions and goal-directedness (facts of the form: x is for something) are difficult to banish from reality. They are clearly present at the level of human agents and human societies, for example. We have goals, pens are for writing, the function of hospitals is to provide healthcare,Footnote3 and so on. The human mind and the social world are full...")
• 11:24, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page AI and the Advent of the Age of the Brahmin Workers (Created page with "=Source= '''* Article: AI and the Advent of the Age of the Brahmin Workers. The pivot towards P2P AI has just begun. Michel Bauwens, Feb 05, 2025.''' URL = https://4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/ai-and-the-advent-of-the-age-of-the =Text= Michel Bauwens: "Before I start explaining the logic implicit in the title of this article, please read carefully the following statement, which you should see as ‘preliminary evidence’ for the thesis that I will prop...")
• 11:13, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Three Civilizational Priorities of the Next Societal Transition (Created page with "=Source= '''* Article: The three civilizational priorities of the next societal transition. Can We Truly Change Our Civilizational Model? What we can learn from Peter Pogany's 'Rethinking the World'. Michel Bauwens, Jan 17, 2025''' URL = https://4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/the-three-civilizational-priorities (only Part One of the text is reproduced) =Text= Michel Bauwens: This contribution contains three parts: My editorial contribution on what <exac...")
• 11:04, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Cosmo-Local Plan for Our Next Civilization (Created page with "=Source= '''* Article: The Cosmo-Local Plan for our Next Civilization. Towards a convergence of the local bioregional resilient production efforts with the global coordination and 'Capital for the Commons' capacities of Web3. Michel Bauwens, Dec 20, 2024''' URL = https://4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/the-cosmo-local-plan-for-our-next =Text= Michel Bauwens: < ''To put it bluntly, Web3 and the crypto economy is still largely an ‘exit’ play for financia...")
• 10:58, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Global History of Societal Regulation (Created page with "=Source= '''* Article: A global history of societal regulation. Why commons-based institutions now need to regulate the market and state, ‘cosmo-locally’. By Michel Bauwens, Nov 20, 2024''' URL = https://4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/a-global-history-of-societal-regulation =Text= Michel Bauwens: "In this article, we want to outline a history of economic and societal coordination mechanisms, and how they are regulated, and give our readers a sense tha...")
• 10:51, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Construction of the Post-Civilizational Civium Has Begun (Created page with "=Source= '''* Article: The Construction of the Post-Civilizational Civium Has Begun. Why the confederation of more than a dozen translocal popup villages in Chiang Mai is a historical pivot. Michel Bauwens, Oct 23, 2024''' URL = https://4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/the-construction-of-the-post-civilizational =Text= Michel Bauwens: "Civium is a concept developed by Jordan Greenhall, which I interpret as meaning a trans-local, post-civilizational worl...")
• 10:43, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Why Human Contributive Labor Remains the Creative Principle of Human Society (Created page with "=Source= * Article: Why Human (Contributive) Labor remains the creative principle of human society: The salvific and ex-tropic implications of the medieval Christian vision of human work as spiritual activity. Excerpts from the study: “From Modes of Production to the Resurrection of the Body" =Text= Introduction by Michel Bauwens: "Even as we are moving to a post-literate society with short attention spans and educational achievements plummeting (in the West), boo...")
• 10:23, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page What Would a Commons-Centric Society or Civilization Look Like (Created page with "=Source= '''* Article: What would a commons-centric society or civilization look like ? (Ethical Economy + Partner State + Commons): Adding the commons institutions to the mix: Transforming societies from a national bi-institutional format (market+state) to a cosmo-local tri-institutional format (market-state + commons).''' URL = https://4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/what-would-a-commons-centric-society =Text= ==Introduction== Michel Bauwens: "This art...")
• 10:08, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Who Can Change the World Today (Created page with "=Source= '''* Article: Who can change the world today ?Is there a new agent of historical change ? Could it be the commoners ? But if so: allied to who ? By Michel Bauwens, Sep 04, 2024''' URL = https://4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/who-can-change-the-world-today =Text= Michel Bauwens: This article is a meditation on ‘who can change history’, in other words what social force can function as an ‘agent’ of change, in time of transition which seems...")
• 09:54, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page What Kind of Money Do We Need for the Next Value Revolution (Created page with "=Source= '''* Article What kind of money do we need for the next value revolution ? Beyond fiat money and crypto, how do we measure and reward systemic contributions, i.e. contribution to common infrastructural and care value ?''' URL = https://4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/what-kind-of-money-do-we-need-for =Context= (I was asked to write a French-language editorial on ‘value and money’, with 13k characters maximum length; I wrote the draft in Englis...")
• 09:47, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Isonomia (Created page with " = concept proposed by Kojin Karatani =Discussion= Please read the article by Michel Bauwens: * How Peer Production and Web3 Governance Mechanisms May Prefigure a Isonomic World Order‎ . =More information= '''* Book: Isonomia and the Origins of Philosophy. by Kojin Karatani. Duke University Press, 2017''' URL = https://www.dukeupress.edu/isonomia-and-the-origins-of-philosophy "In Isonomia and the Origins of Philosophy—published originally in Japanese...")
• 09:43, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page How Peer Production and Web3 Governance Mechanisms May Prefigure a Isonomic World Order (Created page with "=Source= * Article: How peer production and Web3 governance mechanisms may prefigure a Isonomic world order. Is what we are waiting for perhaps not Democracy, but Isonomia ? URL = https://4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/how-peer-production-and-web3-governance =Text= Michel Bauwens: "Readers of this Substack may know that I am a big ‘fan’ of the ideas of Kojin Karatani, as expressed in his pivotal work, The Structure of World History. It has a central p...")
• 09:06, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Seed Assets (Created page with " =Description= From Chelsea Robinson, in the book, Assets in Common: "In multiple case studies, people have used a seed company or an asset base to start a network of entities. Seed assets may be a fully functioning, existing entity such as a profitable business or a piece of land. Seed assets may already have monetary value in the default economy, which allows them to convert that value into starting a shared utility. Seed assets may also be of sufficient size an...")
• 09:05, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Pools and Closed Circuits (Created page with " =Description= From Chelsea Robinson in Assets in Common: "Infrastructure for shared ownership frequently emerges within walled gardens. Limiting participants can help mitigate the downside while generating shared benefits. In the default economy, this is achieved through systems like credit scores. In contexts of shared ownership and stewardship, there may be criteria of ‘fit’ for participating in a pool. One business’ performance profile may make it more or...")
• 09:03, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Internal Network Trade (Created page with "=Description= From Chelsea Robinson, in Assets in Common: "Internal Network Trade and Complementary Currencies for Monetary Sovereignty: Monetary policy is typically considered the role of the state. It determines how the central bank controls the money supply and promotes price stability. It involves managing interest rates, setting bank reserve requirements, and influencing credit availability in the economy. These kinds of policies can be generated within networ...")
• 09:00, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Shared Balance Sheets (Created page with "=Description= From Chelsea Robinson, in the book, Assets in Common: "Pooling assets in shared legal containers can create mechanisms for resilience and liquidity at scale. Putting many buildings, employees, business units, funds, or loans onto shared balance sheets enables pre-tax internal trade. These larger balance sheets can be leveraged for growth, acquiring capital, extending credit to allies, or buffering against losses and layoffs." (https://wiki.p2pfounda...")
• 08:58, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Conscious Consolidation (Created page with "=Discussion= Chelsea Robinson, from the book, Assets in Common: "Aggregating assets into unifying entities like holding companies or multi-stakeholder cooperatives. Achieving this via typical structures can be a slippery slope to monopoly and cartel behavior. However, when designed with shared ownership and stewardship, these can create value for stakeholders and long-term missions. Conscious consolidation can help with efficiency gains and greater influence in th...")
• 08:54, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page From the Commons for Capital to Capital for the Commons (Created page with "=Note= The article below, part of my substack editorials and in this case, introducing a guest editorial, should not be confused with my own article: * From the Communism of Capital to a Capital for the Commons, which has been published as: ** * Article: From the Communism of Capital to Capital for the Commons: Towards an Open Co-operativism. By Michel Bauwens, Vasilis Kostakis. Triple C, Vol 12, No 1 (2014) [http://www.triple-c.at/index.php/tripleC/article/view/56...")
• 08:38, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Getting Ready for the Five Thousand Year Shift in Value Regime (Created page with "=Source= '''* Getting Ready for the Five Thousand Year Shift in Value Regime:''' An overview of signposts towards the civilizational shift in the direction of <contribution-based>, <thermodynamically informed> <mutual coordination> economics URL = https://4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/getting-ready-for-the-five-thousand =Text= In today’s article I want to review ‘signposts’ in terms of infrastructural innovation that permits a switch from the civili...")
• 08:29, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Why Ordo-Communalism is Necessary (Created page with "=Source= Reprinted from the Substack: '''* The Ordo-Communal State: Why Ordo-Communalism is the way to go.''' URL = https://4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/an-ab-so-lu-te-ly-un-sexy-subject With translated excerpts from: * article of the AOC magazine, at https://aoc.media/opinion/2024/04/11/de-lordoliberalisme-a-lordo-communalisme/. The authors are Louise Guillot, Rémy Seillier and Sebastien Shulz. =Text= Michel Bauwens: One of the key political...")
• 07:56, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Onchain Commerce (Created page with " =History= Ori Shimoni: "In 2015, the launch of Ethereum inspired new alternatives that combined crypto’s focus on technical disintermediation with the collective ownership models of platform co-ops. Smart contracts—self-executing agreements encoded in software—promised to automate marketplace functions previously requiring trusted third parties. Ethereum offered the possibility of creating commerce platforms free from fallible intermediaries and collectively gov...")
• 07:53, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Bitcoin E-Commerce (Created page with " =Description= Ori Shimoni: "Parallel to darknet marketplaces, Bitcoin-powered alternatives emerged to bring cryptocurrency benefits to mainstream commerce. Between 2012-2014, platforms like BitMit, Bitify (originally CryptoThrift), and BitBay attempted to recreate eBay-like functionality with Bitcoin payments, offering auctions, fixed-price listings, and multisignature escrow systems. '''OpenBazaar''', the most technically ambitious early cryptocurrency marketplace,...")
• 07:50, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Darknet Marketplaces (Created page with " =Context= Ori Shimoni, in a history of Decentralized Commerce: "In 2011, the first serious attempt to build commerce systems outside corporate control emerged with the Silk Road marketplace. The platform solved three fundamental challenges: * Payments without intermediaries: Bitcoin enabled direct value transfer without banks or payment processors, including escrow that protected buyers and sellers from fraud. * Anonymous access & hosting: While the marketplace...")
• 07:32, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page DeCom (Created page with " =Discussion= Source: https://x.com/orishim/status/1882064487718777094 Reproduced in toto from X, by Ori Shimony: "The original aim of peer-to-peer cash and smart contracts was to disintermediate commerce, not just finance. Yet here we are years later with endless ways to issue, derivatize, and trade assets while the massive market of everyday commerce—from hiring a cleaner to buying used furniture—remains firmly in the grip of corporate platforms. This platform...")
• 07:29, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Security Without Identification (Created page with "'''* Article: Security Without Identification. David Chaum.''' URL = =Discussion= Ori Shimoni: ""In 1985, cryptographer David Chaum published “Security Without Identification,” a blueprint for commerce without surveillance or control. Over the following years, Chaum and other cypherpunks developed a comprehensive technical vision: pseudonymous identities, untraceable payments, anonymous credentials, decentralized reputation. Together, these components would...")
• 07:24, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Ori Shimoni on the History of eCommerce (Created page with "=Source= From a three part investigation by Ori Shimoni. Part 1 via [https://x.com/orishim/status/1882064487718777094], introductionj Part 2 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kQ44sPFO2IFhz_4Vw-nGMWEScS-Dla-eeihr_xv0O2Q/edit? Fuller version at: Decentralized Commerce Part 3 is upcoming (April 1, 2025) =Text= Ori Shimoni: ====The Classified Era==== "The modern history of peer-to-peer commerce begins with the classified advertisement. Classifieds first a...")
• 06:58, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Decommerce (Created page with "= also called 'Decom' =More information= * Ori Shimoni on the history, present, and future of Decentralized Commerce Category:Business Category:Crypto Economy ")
• 06:10, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Scale of Commonality (Created page with "''= The report "The Scale of Commonality – Reform Proposals for Integrating Commons into Law" is a significant French document from 2021 that explores integrating the concept of "commons" into the French legal system.'' '''* Report: Marie Pierre Camproux Duffrène, Véronique Jaworski. L’Echelle de communalité, Propositions de réforme pour intégrer les biens communs en droit. [Rapport de recherche] Mission de recherche Droit et Justice. 2022.''' URL = https://h...")
• 05:52, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Evolution of Commons-Based Legal Thinking in France Since 2020 (Created page with "=Discussion= Yovan Gilles: "On the evolution of commons-based law thinking in France: "Five years ago, France experienced its first lockdown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. For many of us, it was an opportunity to reflect on essential questions, such as what gives meaning to our lives, and to develop ideas about the necessary social, economic, and political transformations for a sustainable world. This period saw a surge in proposals for the “post-pandemic wor...")
• 04:56, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page John Vervaeke on a Neoplatonic Extended Naturalism for Our Age (Created page with "Video via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vazO36OnGKI =Description= "Dr. Vervaeke delves into the importance of strong transcendence within naturalistic terms and proposes extended naturalism as a more comprehensive account of explanation. He outlines his plan to construct meta-convergent arguments to support his claims, including discussions on emergence, emanation, conformity theory, and the relationships between knowing and being." =Contents= 00:03:00 - Deep cons...")
• 04:35, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page John Robb on the Political Power of Networked Organizations (Created page with "Podcast at https://www.jimruttshow.com/john-robb-4/ =Description= "Jim talks with John Robb about the ideas in his recent essay “Blitzing DC,” about how a networked organization took over Washington. They discuss the early roots of network warfare in Iraq, McLuhan-esque societal rewiring, open source dynamics & plausible promise, the Arab Spring & Occupy movements, empathy triggers, Trump’s 2016 campaign as a hybrid swarm, The_Donald as a meme amplifier, the Blue...")
• 04:16, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Metaphysics of Emergence (Created page with "'''* Book: Essential Difference: Toward a Metaphysics of Emergence. by James Blachowicz. State University of New York Press, 2013.''' URL = ''"Proposes a new way of understanding the nature of metaphysics, focusing on nonreductionist emergence theory, both in ancient and modern philosophy, as well as in contemporary philosophy of science."'' =Description= "Is metaphysics possible? This book argues that the greatest threat to its viability derives from a self-destruc...")
• 03:53, 1 April 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Relationality as the Ground of Being (Created page with "'''* Article: Relationality as the Ground of Being: The One as Pure Relation in Plotinus. James Filler. The International Journal of the Platonic Tradition, Apr 2019''' URL = https://brill.com/view/journals/jpt/13/1/article-p1_1.xml =Abstract= "My main argument will be that Plotinus’ notion of The One is best understood as “pure relation”. I will argue that Aristotle’s understanding of relation as being determined by relata has been the dominant understanding...")
• 10:38, 31 March 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Model of the Triple Economy (Created page with "=Typology= Julien Cantoni: "In my intellectual journey, I have come across an original proposal that challenges the idea of a purely financial Universal Basic Income (UBI). Instead of distributing purchasing power so that individuals can buy their share of resources, why not restructure production to directly guarantee access to essential goods for all? This idea is embodied in the Triple Economy model, outlined by some contemporary thinkers. I envision myself followin...")
• 07:29, 31 March 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Overcoming the Planetary Scale of Logistical Infrastructure (Created page with " =Discussion= Matthew Thompson and Yousaf Nishat-Botero: "Bernes poses the question of scale: the planetary scale of logistical infrastructure, and the tightening multi-scalar, trans-local integration of production nodes within a complex system of circulation, not only imposes huge operational barriers to breaking down this unwieldy totality into manageable parts, but also entails an overwhelming complexity, opacity and illegibility for collective action to assail, su...")
• 07:25, 31 March 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Overcoming Abstract Labor Time (Created page with " =Discussion= Matthew Thompson and Yousaf Nishat-Botero: "Struggling with this thorny issue of time is a common concern in the history of economic planning. The European interwar council-communist movement produced a number of proposals for transforming capitalism beyond abstract labour time, not least The Fundamental Principles of Communist Production and Distribution written in 1930 (see Bernes 2021). Bernes shows how this treatise makes a novel distinction between p...")
• 07:19, 31 March 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Socialist Laws of Motion (Created page with " =Discussion= Matthew Thompson and Yousaf Nishat-Botero: "One of the most ‘sophisticated and detailed elaborations’ (Sorg 2022) of democratic economic planning is a framework for ‘socialist laws of motion’ envisioned by Saros (2014) which inverts the production cycles of capitalism by putting consumers in charge of production by choosing what they wish to consume from a ‘general catalogue’ of use-values uploaded to their digital ‘needs profile’ – ther...")
• 07:14, 31 March 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Postcapitalist Planning and Urban Revolution (Created page with " '''* Article: Thompson, M., & Nishat-Botero, Y. (2023). Postcapitalist Planning and Urban Revolution. Competition & Change, 29(1), 101-120. [https://doi.org/10.1177/10245294231210980 doi]''' URL = https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/10245294231210980 ''"this article reviews the literature on democratic economic planning beyond capitalism"'' =Abstract= "Through what kind of spaces might postcapitalist planning emerge? How will the process of wresting coll...")
• 12:39, 30 March 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Bioregional Conversations (Created page with "'''= On-going conversations with bioregional advocates''' URL = https://bioregion.org.uk/project/bioregional-conversations/ =Description= "An action-learning initiative exploring how to help bioregions emerge and evolve: Coming together in a series of seven cutting-edge conversations to explore the different ways in which bioregioning is taking shape around the world, this small circle of leading bioregional practitioners intends to deepen the learning culture devel...")
• 12:14, 30 March 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page COLU - Blockchain-Based Local Currency in Tel Aviv (Created page with "URL = https://www.colu.com/ =Description= Norman Shaw: "Colu is an Israeli company whose head office is in Tel Aviv. They have a digital wallet app, which allows consumers to find local businesses and pay by simply clicking on the merchant’s name and then transferring the amount to be paid electronically. No physical cash is exchanged. The merchant receives the funds via Colu and pays a small transaction fee that is less than the credit card fee. Merchants who subs...")
• 12:08, 30 March 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Blockchain-Based Local Currencies (Created page with "=Description= Norman Shaw: "To provide a local currency, which can be used for payment within a specific geographical area. By basing this currency on a blockchain platform, such as Ethereum, transactions are secure without the need for any central financial institution. Merchants who sign on to accept this currency are able to advertise their location to consumers who have downloaded the local currency app to their smartphone. Incentives can be offered to attract cust...")
• 10:26, 30 March 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Genossenschaft Tradition in Medieval Germany (Created page with "=Discussion= Discussion points via chatGPT: The concept of Genossenschaft (plural: Genossenschaften) in medieval German history refers to cooperative associations that emerged within the feudal hierarchy of the Holy Roman Empire. These were self-governing, mutual aid groups that played a role in both rural and urban society. '''1. What is a Genossenschaft?''' The word "Genossenschaft" roughly translates to "cooperative" or "fellowship" and refers to collective forms...")
• 05:52, 30 March 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Digital Calculation Debate (Created page with " =Discussion= ''"The new debate can roughly be divided into three broader themes: planning in capitalism, digital planning, and ecological planning."'' Christoph Sorg and Jan Roos: "The height of neoliberal hegemony greatly decreased interest in planning and these approaches to democratic planning, developed during the ‘end of history’ (Fukuyama, 1992), were thus only discussed at the margins of social science (Science and Society, 1992, 2002, 2012). However, the...")
• 05:52, 30 March 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Literature on the Digital Transformations in Both Corporate and Public Planning (Created page with " =Discussion= On the Digital Calculation Debate: ''"The new debate can roughly be divided into three broader themes: planning in capitalism, digital planning, and ecological planning."'' Christoph Sorg and Jan Roos: "The height of neoliberal hegemony greatly decreased interest in planning and these approaches to democratic planning, developed during the ‘end of history’ (Fukuyama, 1992), were thus only discussed at the margins of social science (Science and S...")
• 05:43, 30 March 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Historical Perspectives on the Relationship Between Markets and Planning (Created page with " =Discussion= Jan Groos et al. : "The respective strengths and weaknesses of markets and planning and the question of whether economic planning on the scale of an entire economy is possible and desirable have been discussed throughout the 20th century in what has been termed the socialist calculation debate. The debate mainly featured Austrian, Marxist, and neoclassical economic theorists, the latter in turn being divided into socialist and non-socialist neoclassical e...")
• 05:31, 30 March 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Rethinking Economic Planning (Created page with " '''* Sorg, C., & Groos, J. (2024). Rethinking economic planning. Competition & Change, 29(1), 3-16.''' [https://doi.org/10.1177/10245294241273954 doi] URL = https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/10245294241273954 =Abstract= "The special issue ‘Rethinking Economic Planning’ contributes to the emerging literature on economic planning in the age of digitalization and climate crisis. This introduction will first situate the new planning debate in the context...")
• 04:45, 30 March 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Complex Anarchism (Created page with "=Description= Complex Anarchism Symposium: "The intersection between anarchism and complexity science: Anarchy, despite its popular definition as a state of disorder, is rather a mode of being where we organize ourselves voluntarily, that is, without coercion from a central controller or hierarchical system. Such decentralized organization happens to be a characteristic feature of many complex systems -- with their many interacting components, these systems exhibit eme...")
• 09:02, 29 March 2025 Mbauwens talk contribs created page Post-Capitalist Ecomodernism (Created page with " =Discussion= Christoph Sorg: "Postcapitalist imaginations of the post-capitalocene range from eco-modernist techno-optimism to degrowth and eco-socialism, with a plurality of stances in between. Socialist eco-modernists tend to assume that humans notoriously struggle to imagine exponential developments (e.g. Bastani, 2019: 40ff; Rifkin, 2014: 79ff), as virologists recently found when trying to warn the public of exponential growth of infections during the Covid-19 pan...")