Latest revision as of 05:56, 25 September 2007

This is an old introduction page to a subject category, and is no longer updated but replaced by http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Business

Old Introduction

In the meantime, we recommend you also consult the following tags in the social bookmarking site Delicious

1) P2P-Economics, http://del.icio.us/mbauwens/P2P-Economics

2) P2P-Money, http://del.icio.us/mbauwens/P2P-Money

3) P2P-Business, http://del.icio.us/mbauwens/P2P-Business

4) Open Source Commercialization, http://del.icio.us/mbauwens/Open-Source-Commercialization

5) P2P-Capitalism, http://del.icio.us/mbauwens/P2P-Capitalism

6) P2P-Production, http://del.icio.us/mbauwens/P2P-Production

7) P2P-Advertising, http://del.icio.us/mbauwens/P2P-Advertising

8) P2P-Property, http://del.icio.us/mbauwens/P2P-Property

and many other appropriate tags at http://del.icio.us/mbauwens

ARTICLES

Open Source Biology, at (http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=2724420)

Open Source Biotechnology in Agriculture, at (http://business-times.asia1.com.sg/sub/views/story/0,4574,144880,00.html)

Open Source Architecture. More in the article, ‘towards an architectural open source practice, at http://www.archis.org/archis_old/english/archis_art_e_2003/art_3b_2003e.html and see also the blog http://www.suite75.net/blog/maze/. In the New York Times Magazine, David Brooks has written an interesting article describing the development of exurbia, a move beyond the suburbs that seems to exhibit P2P principles, see http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/04/magazine/04EXURBAN.html?th .

The Open Source Metaverse, at(http://www.wired.com/news/games/0,2101,65865,00.html?)

The importance of mental transaction costs, and why it works against micromoney schemes, and on the fame vs. fortune dilemma now facing creators, at (http://shirky.com/writings/fame_vs_fortune.html)

Yochai Benkler on user-capitalisation, (http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_25/b3938902.htm)

Laws of free software production, at (URL = http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/free_issues/issue_02/fud_based_encyclopedia/)

See the report, “Poor because of Money" by the Strohalm Foundation http://www.strohalm.nl/data/uploads/16.htm

Bernard Lietaer on the artificial scarcity of the present money system (http://www.ascentofhumanity.com/book/4-09-Interest_and_Self-Interest.html)

The P2P aspects of Open Money systems: The dedicated site is OpenMoney.org. TheTransitioner.org and OpenMoney.org are closely working together. TheTransitioner.org handles interactive community discussions and live projects, whereas OpenMoney.org possesses all material about it (technical, definitions, former papers, etc).(http://www.thetransitioner.org/wiki/tiki-index.php?page=Open+Money)

Margret Kennedy, complementary currencies expert, at (www.margritkennedy.de); See also information on the above author at http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~roehrigw/kennedy/english/

Justification of the universal wage, short French-language intro by Gilbert Boss, at http://www.gboss.ca/revenu_universel.htm

The Sharing Economy, essay at http://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/114-2/Benkler_FINAL_YLJ114-2.pdf

Interview of the author Yochai Benkler by Business Week, at http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_25/b3938902.htm ;

ThinkCycle, is a Web-based industrial-design project that brings together engineers, designers, academics, and professionals from a variety of disciplines. (http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.11/opensource.html)

Innocentive, at http://www.innocentive.com/, is a web-based community matching 80,000 independent scientists (the "solvers") to relevant R&D challenges facing leading companies (the "seekers") from around the globe:(from http://www.primidi.com/2005/06/11.html )

An evolutionary scheme for economics, by Wim Nusselder, see http://www.antenna.nl/wim.nusselder/schrijfsels/economics.htm

Coordination defined by Philippe Zafirian, at (http://perso.wanadoo.fr/philippe.zarifian/page122.htm) The evolution of cooperation:“Evolution's Arrow also argues that evolution itself has evolved. Evolution has progressively improved the ability of evolutionary mechanisms to discover the best adaptations. And it has discovered new and better mechanisms. The book looks at the evolution of pre-genetic, genetic, cultural, and supra-individual evolutionary mechanisms. (http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/Papers/Review_Complexity.pdf)

Free sharing as an aspect of civilisation-building, at (http://www.peripheries.net/g-sagot1.htm )

Cooperation studies are well monitored by by Howard Rheingold and and a whole team of collaborators at the Smartmobs.com weblog.

Here's a summary of cooperation theories maintained by Paul Pivcevic of the http://www.cooperativeintelligence.org/ website.

Book on the history and future of money, (http://www.thememorybank.co.uk/ )

The Open Money project at (http://www.openmoney.org/

Some other complementary currency initiatives: LIBRA project (Milan, Italy), http://www.aequilibra.it/; Banca Etica (Padova, Italy), http://www.bancaetica.com/; Chiemgauer (Bavaria, Germany), http://www.chiemgauer.info/ ; WIR Bank (Switzerland), http://www.wir.ch/

Learning about monetary reform: Dr. Margrit Kennedy at http://www.margritkennedy.de/ . one of the leading figures in this field as she published "Interest and Inflation-free Money"(the whole text is available in English at: http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~roehrigw/kennedy/english/)

A page devoted to ‘alternative economy’ topics, also listing the alternative currencies in Japan, at http://www3.plala.or.jp/mig/econ-uk.html, and on Argentina’s RGT, the world’s biggest non-money barter network

Peer Production, Business, Economics: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 05:56, 25 September 2007

Old Introduction

Navigation menu

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''THEMATIC ISSUES OF P2P NEWS'''
+This is an old introduction page to a subject category, and is no longer updated but replaced by
+http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Business
-'''Funding for peer production''', Issue 103 of P2P News, at http://integralvisioning.org/article.php?story=p2p103
+=Old Introduction=
-'''P2P and Market Exchange, practices''', Issue 102 of P2P News, at
+In the meantime, we recommend you also consult the following tags in the social bookmarking site Delicious
-http://integralvisioning.org/article.php?story=p2p102
-'''P2P and Market Exchange, theory''', Issue 101 of P2P News, at
+) '''P2P-Economics''', http://del.icio.us/mbauwens/P2P-Economics
-http://integralvisioning.org/article.php?story=p2p101
-'''P2P Monetary Issues, bottom-up alternatives and top-down reform''', Issue 99 of P2P News, at
+) '''P2P-Money''', http://del.icio.us/mbauwens/P2P-Money
-http://integralvisioning.org/article.php?story=p2p99
-'''P2P Economic Governance, tools // P2P Capitalism''', Issue 98 of P2P News, at
+) '''P2P-Business''', http://del.icio.us/mbauwens/P2P-Business
-http://integralvisioning.org/article.php?story=p2p98
-'''P2P Economic Governance, theory''', Issue 97 of P2P News, at
+) '''Open Source Commercialization''', http://del.icio.us/mbauwens/Open-Source-Commercialization
-http://integralvisioning.org/article.php?story=p2p97
-'''P2P and Nature, theory''', Issue 96 of P2P News, at
+) '''P2P-Capitalism''', http://del.icio.us/mbauwens/P2P-Capitalism
-http://integralvisioning.org/article.php?story=p2p96
-'''Peer Production''', Issue 92 of P2P News, at
+) '''P2P-Production''', http://del.icio.us/mbauwens/P2P-Production
-http://integralvisioning.org/article.php?story=p2p92
-'''P2P Capitalism''', Issue 89 of P2P News, at
+) '''P2P-Advertising''', http://del.icio.us/mbauwens/P2P-Advertising
-http://integralvisioning.org/article.php?story=p2p89
-'''P2P Cooperation''', Issue 88 of P2P News, at
+) '''P2P-Property''', http://del.icio.us/mbauwens/P2P-Property
-http://integralvisioning.org/article.php?story=p2p88
-'''P2P Capitalism''', Issue 87 of P2P News, at
+and many other appropriate tags at http://del.icio.us/mbauwens
-http://integralvisioning.org/article.php?story=p2p87
-'''Alternative Monetary Theory''', Issue 79 of P2P News, at
-http://integralvisioning.org/article.php?story=p2p79
-'''SELECTED WIKIPEDIA ARTICLES'''
-'''Altruistic Economics''', http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altruistic_Economics
-Collaborative software, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_software
-'''Commons-based Peer Production''', http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons-Based_Peer_Production
-Computer-supported collaboration, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-supported_collaboration
-Computer-supported cooperative work, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_supported_cooperative_work
-GNU General Public License, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License
-FLOSS, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLOSS
-Free Content, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_content
-Free software, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software
-Genuine Progress Indicator, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genuine_Progress_Indicator
-'''Gift Economy''', http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift_economy
-Gross National Happiness, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_national_happiness
-Herman Daly, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Daly
-'''Long Tail''', http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_tail
-Open Source, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source
-Open Source Initiative, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative
-'''Post Autistic Economics''', http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Autistic_Economics
-Public Domain, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain
-Recommendation system, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recommendation_system
-Reputation, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reputation
-Social software, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_software
-'''Uneconomic Growth''', http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uneconomic_growth
 '''ARTICLES'''
-How the use of FLOSS methods leads to lower transaction costs in business, at http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue9_11/soares/index.html
+'''Open Source Biology''', at (http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=2724420)
-A case study of implementing Linux in a large company, at http://www.cio.com/archive/070105/cendant.html?CID=8099
-The history of Linux, at http://journal.hyperdrome.net/issues/issue1/wright.html
-Linux making great strides in China, at http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/nov2004/tc20041115_4873_tc057.htm?
-Characteristics of Asian open source development, http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue9_11/shimizu/index.html
-Overview of music filesharing, at (http://www.p2p-zone.com/underground/showthread.php?t=21779 )
-Legal commercial filesharing systems are:  Peer Impact, Weed and Mercora
-The OECD in a recent report said it was difficult to establish a link between P2P filesharing and the music industry's shrinking revenues, at http://www.wired.com/news/digiwood/0,1412,67820,00.html?; the report is at http://www.oecd.org/document/46/0,2340,en_2649_201185_34994926_1_1_1_1,00.html
-An overview of how the music industry is reacting to the challenges to its music distribution models, at http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/jun2005/tc20050628_9810_tc024.htm
-P2P Weblog monitors filesharing developments, including its political and economic aspects, at http://www.p2p-weblog.com/
-P2P based research companies who monitor the filesharing world for market research, at http://www.bigchampagne.com/
-An article explaining how to find legal online music, at : http://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/10/a...sic/10INTE.html ; Grouper is a software tool that lets you share music amongst friends only, to ensure the fair use principle, at http://www.grouper.com/ ; user-enriched evaluations of filesharing programs at http://www.slyck.com/programs.php
-Fortune magazine on the growing importance and effect s of blogging for the business community, at http://www.fortune.com/fortune/technology/articles/0,15114,1011763,00.html
-Coase's Penguin, or Linux and the Nature of the Firm. Yochai Benkler
-URL = htpp://www.benkler.org/CoasesPenguin.html
-Good summary of the different Creative Commons Licensing schemes and the legal concepts behind it, at http://creativecommons.org/about/licenses/ , http://creativecommons.org/about/legal/ .
-Common Content, http://commoncontent.org/, is an open catalog of Creative Commons content
-The Free Art Licence is explained here, at http://artlibre.org/
-The philosophy of free music explained at http://www.free-music.com/freemus.htm ; the Open Music Registry, temporarily shut down in 2004, has announced a re-opening, see http://www.openmusicregistry.org/
-The Video Liberty project, at http://www.videoliberty.org/
-The Open Publication License, at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/
-GNU Manifesto at http://www.gnu.org/gnu/manifesto.html .
-The GPL license explained, at (http://news.com.com/Sprucing+up+open+sources+GPL+foundation/2100-7344_3-5501561.html?tag=nefd.lede)
-An article about the 'copyleft attitude' and the emergence of the free art license, at http://infos.samizdat.net/article301.html
-Richard Stallman on the free software principles:
-(http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/pragmatic.html )
-French-language interview with Stallman: http://multitudes.samizdat.net/article.php3?id_article=214
-Richard Stallman on why it is okay to charge for free software:
-(http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/selling.html )
-See also at http://www.opensource.org/ ; Background on the Open Source definition, by Bruce Perens, at http://www.perens.com/Articles/OSD.html
-Charles Ferguson, Technology Review, June 2005, on the commercialization of Linux at  http://technologyreview.com/articles/05/06/issue/feature_linux.asp?p=2 )
-For the ‘governmental uptake’ of Linux, see http://news.com.com/2100-1001-272299.html?legacy=cnet& (August 2001 overview by CNet’s News.com)
-The Professionalization of Linux
-(http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_05/b3918001_mz001.htm?)
-Richard Stallman in a recent interview on where Free Software and the GPL are heading, at http://www.ofb.biz/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=353
-Stefan Merten on free software vs. open sources, at (http://subsol.c3.hu/subsol_2/contributors0/mertentext.html
-This idea of a patronage economy, citing the work of Paul David, is discussed by John Willinsky in an article for First Monday, at http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue10_8/willinsky//index.html
-Research into Open Source as a collaborative social process, FLOSS-POLS, a EU-funded research project, claims it is "the single largest knowledge base on open source usage and development worldwide" and its 'third track' examines " the efficiency of open source as a system for collaborative problem-solving", see at http://www.flosspols.org/ . The peer-reviewed journal First Monday dedicated a special issue to 'open source as a social process', at http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue9_11/index.html
-See in particular: Item1, http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue9_11/lehmann/index.html
-" This paper takes a closer look at FLOSS developers and their projects to find out how they work, what holds them together and how they interact."; Item 2, on accountability in Open Source projects, at  http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue9_11/david/index.html
-Onion-like structure of authority in OS projects, (http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue10_2/crowston/index.html )
-See also an analysis of the relation between free software and capitalism, at http://www.oekonux.org/texts/marketrelations.html
-Structural use of interactive consumers to externalize costs, by Johan Soderbergh:
-(http://journal.hyperdrome.net/issues/issue1/soderberg.html )
-The socialization of innovation 'outside' of the enterprise
-(Jan Soderbergh in http://info.interactivist.net/article.pl?sid=04/09/29/1411223)
-Schlumberger corporation has a radical implementation of 'communities of practice': it allows them to select their own leaders by voting:
-(http://online.wsj.com/public/article_print/0,,SB112492527554822458-K0XZAXWxFz2VVoppzN1K4H5V1N8_20060824,00.html)
-Von Hippel, An interview with the author where he explains the concept of "lead users", at http://www.thefeature.com/article?articleid=101525&ref=6647666
-More essays by the author at http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/papers.htm
-Citizen engineers, at (http://www.fortune.com/fortune/technology/articles/0,15114,1061773,00.html?)
-User-centered innovation practices vs. manufacturer-centric innovation, at (http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/books/DI/Chapter1.pdf )
-User-innovation example by Fortune
-(http://www.fortune.com/fortune/technology/articles/0,15114,1061773,00.html?)
-Examples of user innovation communities at work: The music identification technology of Gracenotes, was almost entirely produced by music fans, at http://www.wired.com/news/digiwood/0,1412,64033,00.html?. But because it has turned private MusicBrainz has been created as a true open source alternative ; iPodLounge contains more than 220 creative designs of future iPods, at http://www.wired.com/news/mac/0,2125,63903,00.html?
-'Customer-made' production and marketing, special issue of Trendwatching newsletter, May 2005, at http://www.trendwatching.com/newsletter/newsletter.html . Its June 2005 issue covers twinsumers, how collaborative software is bringing consumers of similar taste together.
-Fab Labs at MIT, at http://cba.mit.edu/projects/fablab
-Ifabricate.com is a platform for do-it-yourselfers where they can trade ideas, contribute to a common encyclopedia, and pool resources. Emachineshop.com brings the community in touch with all those who can turn their designs into a physical model.
-Collab.net helps corporations implement open source methodologies, at http://www.collab.net/
-Innocentive brings together companies in need of creative scientific and technical problem-solving, and the free cooperation of scientists, engineers and creators generally, at http://www.innocentive.com/ . It had 83,000 cooperating scientists during mid-2005 and amongst its corporate users were Boeing and Procter & Gamble.
-Business Week offers a tour of the ‘hotspots of collaboration’ at http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_25/b3938901.htm
-The Semco participatory model, http://www.opensourcetutorials.com/tutorials/Server-Side-Coding/Book-Reviews/the-seven-day-weekend/page1.html)
-Increasingly, users are themselves distributing information about products and services that they appreciate, see the Wired article on a famous user-made iPod ad, at http://www.wired.com/news/mac/0,2125,66001,00.html? ; Companies are also learning to use (and abuse) these communities of 'passionate consumers', according to this report in Le Monde, at http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3230,36-396272,0.html
-Thomas Malone on Coordination Theory, at (http://www.dialogonleadership.org/Malone2001.html)
-OPHI is a group of organizations and individuals dedicated to developing an on-line collection of knowledge about business processes that is freely available to the general public under an innovative form of "open source" licensing. More info at: http://ccs.mit.edu/ophi/index.htm
-See for an overview of designing corporations around customer cultures, at http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/mar2005/nf2005037_4086.htm
-Cognitive capitalism: Yann-Moulier Boutang in  http://multitudes.samizdat.net/article.php3?id_article=1656 ; See also http://www.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/labo/walras/Objets/New/20021214/YMB.pdf
-Self-organisation and cooperation in cognitive capitalism, special issue of Solaris magazine, at http://biblio-fr.info.unicaen.fr/bnum/jelec/Solaris/d05/5introduction.html , http://biblio-fr.info.unicaen.fr/bnum/jelec/Solaris/d05/5link-pezet.html
-An explanation of the concept of the general intellect, at  http://multitudes.samizdat.net/article.php3?id_article=476
-On the concept of ‘worldwide public goods’, at http://www.upmf grenoble.fr/irepd/regulation/Lettre_regulation/lettrepdf/LR48.pdf ;
-an overview of intellectual property regimes and their evolution, at http://www.upmfgrenoble.fr/irepd/regulation/Lettre_regulation/index.html
-Changes in work culture are summarized quite well by 'work sociologist' Philippe Zafirian who outlines five of such changes, at http://seminaire.samizdat.net/imprim-article.php3?id_article=98
-From disciplinary power to power by control and modulation, by Philippe Zafirian
-http://perso.wanadoo.fr/philippe.zarifian/page109.htm )
-on the soul-destroying corporate cultures:
-(http://pubpages.unh.edu/~jds/ )
-David Isen on the inefficient nature of pyramidal intelligence:
-(http://isen.com/archives/990601.html)
-  French 'sociologist of work', Philippe Zafirian, on the unease of workers in the contemporary enteprise, at (http://seminaire.samizdat.net/imprim-article.php3?id_article=98 )
-Zafirian personal website: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/philippe.zarifian/)
-See also these two important contributions on ‘the new nature of work’, 3 theses from Philippe Zafirian, based on seven years of study in large institutions and companies, at http://seminaire.samizdat.net/article.php3?id_article=22 3 thesis on work and cognitive capitalism, by Patrick Dieuaide, at http://seminaire.samizdat.net/article.php3?id_article=12
-On the dissatisfaction of the workforce, French report, at (http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3234,36-377014,0.html)
-On the hacker ethic, by Richard Barbrook
-(http://www.hrc.wmin.ac.uk/hrc/theory/digitalArtisans/t.1.1.1 )
-Open collaboration and productivity, (http://news.openflows.org/article.pl?sid=02/04/23/1518208 )
-Proprietary vs. open source approaches, http://technologyreview.com/articles/05/06/issue/feature_linux.asp
-Flexible involvement, at (http://news.openflows.org/article.pl?sid=02/04/23/1518208 )
-Programmers are interested in and motivated by personal development and the use value of the product, according to this survey: http://opensource.mit.edu/papers/lakhaniwolf.pdf
-Why do people participate in open source projects, especially the less exciting 'mundane' tasks?, at http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/papers/opensource.PDF
-Key essays by Yochai Benkler, on peer production and transaction costs:
-Coase’s Penguin, or Linux and the Nature of the Firm.
-URL = http://www.yale.edu/yalelj/112/BenklerWEB.pdf
-Sharing Nicely: On Shareable Goods and the Emergence of Sharing as a Modality of Economic Production.
-URL = http://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/114-2/Benkler_FINAL_YLJ114-2.pdf
-Eben Moglen on the marginal cost of reproducing information:
-(http://moglen.law.columbia.edu/publications/maine-speech.html)
-a web-based 'open source based' industrial design project:“ThinkCycle, is a Web-based industrial-design project that brings together engineers, designers, academics, and professionals from a variety of disciplines. (http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.11/opensource.html)
-Open Source Biology, at (http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=2724420)
 Open Source Biotechnology in Agriculture, at (http://business-times.asia1.com.sg/sub/views/story/0,4574,144880,00.html)
-Open Source Architecture. More in the article, ‘towards an architectural open source practice, at http://www.archis.org/archis_old/english/archis_art_e_2003/art_3b_2003e.html and see also the blog http://www.suite75.net/blog/maze/. In the New York Times Magazine, David Brooks has written an interesting article describing the development of exurbia, a move beyond the suburbs that seems to exhibit P2P principles, see http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/04/magazine/04EXURBAN.html?th .
+'''Open Source Architecture'''. More in the article, ‘towards an architectural open source practice, at http://www.archis.org/archis_old/english/archis_art_e_2003/art_3b_2003e.html and see also the blog http://www.suite75.net/blog/maze/. In the New York Times Magazine, David Brooks has written an interesting article describing the development of exurbia, a move beyond the suburbs that seems to exhibit P2P principles, see http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/04/magazine/04EXURBAN.html?th .
 The Open Source Metaverse, at(http://www.wired.com/news/games/0,2101,65865,00.html?)
-The importance of mental transaction costs, and why it works against micromoney schemes, and on the fame vs. fortune dilemma now facing creators, at (http://shirky.com/writings/fame_vs_fortune.html)
+The importance of '''mental transaction costs''', and why it works against '''micromoney''' schemes, and on the fame vs. fortune dilemma now facing creators, at (http://shirky.com/writings/fame_vs_fortune.html)
-Yochai Benkler on user-capitalisation, (http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_25/b3938902.htm)
+Yochai Benkler on '''user-capitalisation''', (http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_25/b3938902.htm)
 Laws of free software production, at (URL = http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/free_issues/issue_02/fud_based_encyclopedia/)
-See the report, “Poor because of by the Strohalm Foundation http://www.strohalm.nl/data/uploads/16.htm
+See the report, “Poor because of Money" by the Strohalm Foundation http://www.strohalm.nl/data/uploads/16.htm
-Bernard Lietaer on the artificial scarcity of the present money system
+Bernard Lietaer on '''the artificial scarcity of the present money system'''
 (http://www.ascentofhumanity.com/book/4-09-Interest_and_Self-Interest.html)
-The P2P aspects of Open Money systems: The dedicated site is OpenMoney.org. TheTransitioner.org and OpenMoney.org are closely working together. TheTransitioner.org handles interactive community discussions and live projects, whereas OpenMoney.org possesses all material about it (technical, definitions, former papers, etc).(http://www.thetransitioner.org/wiki/tiki-index.php?page=Open+Money)
+The P2P aspects of '''Open Money systems''': The dedicated site is OpenMoney.org. TheTransitioner.org and OpenMoney.org are closely working together. TheTransitioner.org handles interactive community discussions and live projects, whereas OpenMoney.org possesses all material about it (technical, definitions, former papers, etc).(http://www.thetransitioner.org/wiki/tiki-index.php?page=Open+Money)
-Margret Kennedy, complementary currencies expert, at
+Margret Kennedy, '''complementary currencies''' expert, at
 (www.margritkennedy.de); See also information on the above author at http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~roehrigw/kennedy/english/
-Justification of the universal wage, short French-language intro by Gilbert Boss, at http://www.gboss.ca/revenu_universel.htm
+'''Justification of the universal wage''', short French-language intro by Gilbert Boss, at http://www.gboss.ca/revenu_universel.htm
-The Sharing Economy, essay at http://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/114-2/Benkler_FINAL_YLJ114-2.pdf
+'''The Sharing Economy''', essay at http://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/114-2/Benkler_FINAL_YLJ114-2.pdf
 Interview of the author Yochai Benkler by Business Week, at http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_25/b3938902.htm ;
@@ Line 284: / Line 64: @@
 Innocentive, at http://www.innocentive.com/, is a web-based community matching 80,000 independent scientists (the "solvers") to relevant R&D challenges facing leading companies (the "seekers") from around the globe:(from http://www.primidi.com/2005/06/11.html )
-An evolutionary scheme for economics, by Wim Nusselder, see http://www.antenna.nl/wim.nusselder/schrijfsels/economics.htm
+An '''evolutionary scheme for economics''', by Wim Nusselder, see http://www.antenna.nl/wim.nusselder/schrijfsels/economics.htm
 Coordination defined by Philippe Zafirian, at (http://perso.wanadoo.fr/philippe.zarifian/page122.htm)
+'''
-The evolution of cooperation:“Evolution's Arrow also argues that evolution itself has evolved. Evolution has progressively improved the ability of evolutionary mechanisms to discover the best adaptations. And it has discovered new and better mechanisms. The book looks at the evolution of pre-genetic, genetic, cultural, and supra-individual evolutionary mechanisms.
+The evolution of cooperation''':“Evolution's Arrow also argues that evolution itself has evolved. Evolution has progressively improved the ability of evolutionary mechanisms to discover the best adaptations. And it has discovered new and better mechanisms. The book looks at the evolution of pre-genetic, genetic, cultural, and supra-individual evolutionary mechanisms.
 (http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/Papers/Review_Complexity.pdf)
@@ Line 295: / Line 75: @@
 Cooperation studies are well monitored by by Howard Rheingold and and a whole team of collaborators at the Smartmobs.com weblog.
-Here's a summary of cooperation theories maintained by Paul Pivcevic of the http://www.cooperativeintelligence.org/ website.
+Here's a summary of '''cooperation theories''' maintained by Paul Pivcevic of the http://www.cooperativeintelligence.org/ website.
 Book on the history and future of money, (http://www.thememorybank.co.uk/ )
@@ Line 305: / Line 85: @@
 http://www.bancaetica.com/; Chiemgauer (Bavaria, Germany), http://www.chiemgauer.info/ ; WIR Bank (Switzerland), http://www.wir.ch/
-Learning about monetary reform: Dr. Margrit Kennedy at http://www.margritkennedy.de/ . one of the leading figures in this field as she published "Interest and Inflation-free Money"(the whole text is available in English at: http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~roehrigw/kennedy/english/)
+Learning about '''monetary reform''': Dr. Margrit Kennedy at http://www.margritkennedy.de/ . one of the leading figures in this field as she published "Interest and Inflation-free Money"(the whole text is available in English at: http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~roehrigw/kennedy/english/)
 A page devoted to ‘alternative economy’ topics, also listing the alternative currencies in Japan, at http://www3.plala.or.jp/mig/econ-uk.html, and on Argentina’s RGT, the world’s biggest non-money barter network
-'''MISCELLANEOUS'''
-'''Scenario: P2P and the Enterprise, business models in 2008'''
-URL = [http://www.skylightassociates.com/endstates%201-02.doc]
-This is a link to a set of scenarios that describe business architectures in a net-enabled world.  Note that the third scenario (C: The Swarm) is based largely on p2p principles and is similar to the open source approach to projects.  The second scenario (B: Global Value Webs) has p2p aspects but at the level of how multiple corporations cooperate and adapt without any hierarchy or strong central control.  There is the notion of an orchestrator (like the conductor of a symphony) to provide coordination but there are not legal and ownership lines of control.  Results are obained more through excellence and influence than power and control.